A Review on Probiotics and Their Role in the Management of Cancer

Probiotics are advantageous bacteria that provide numerous health benefits to individuals when ingested and help to keep the gut microbiota balance. These beneficial bacteria can be found in food, supplements, and medicines. Foods that contain probiotics include yogurt, tempeh, and miso, while bacteria of lactic acid and bifido are the predominant microbial strains commonly employed in various applications. Due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects, probiotics are widely accepted globally. Maintaining a balanced gut microbiome is crucial for overall health, and any disturbance in the gut's microbiota can trigger inflammatory immune responses and initiate various diseases such as cancer. Cancer is a grave and frequently fatal illness that impacts a significant number of individuals. It arises due to uncontrolled cell growth and is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. The disease originates from a single cell and can potentially metastasize, spreading through the body. As of now, cancer has no known cure, and the safety and efficacy of conventional chemotherapies and synthetic drugs employed in its treatment are subject to scrutiny. These treatments can negatively impact a patient's well-being, affect drug resistance, and are often too expensive for many patients to afford. Therefore, researchers are exploring more effective and safe ways to manage cancer. Certain probiotic strains have the potential to be beneficial in preventing cancer or as a complement to traditional chemotherapy by altering gut microbiota and improving the reactions of the body’s defense system. Hence, the review examines the likelihood of probiotics as simply an alternative approach to preventing and treating cancer.