秘鲁布兰卡科迪勒拉山的填充湖(潘帕斯):清单、沉积物储存和古溃决

A. Emmer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在秘鲁科迪勒拉布兰卡错综复杂的高山地貌中,填充湖是一种普遍的地貌特征。尽管它们在地貌、水文和生态方面具有明显的重要性,但一直缺乏对这些地区的系统性清查。本研究对科迪勒拉布兰卡地区的填充湖进行了清查。共人工绘制了 962 个填充湖泊多边形,覆盖面积近 90 平方公里(单个绘制多边形的面积从 0.001 平方公里到 1.760 平方公里不等),是现有湖泊面积(40 平方公里)的两倍多,且大部分为平坦区域(62% 的区域坡度≤5°)。研究显示,基岩堰塞湖是最常见的填充型湖泊(42%),而冰碛堰塞湖则占填充型湖泊面积(52%)和沉积物量(52% 至 57%)的大多数。考虑到填充盆地形态的高度不确定性,填充湖泊的沉积物体积估计在 0.9 千立方米至 2.3 千立方米之间(而现有湖泊的蓄水量为 0.79 千立方米至 1.15 千立方米)。对 Aguascocha 湖集水区的案例研究显示,在过去 10.7 ± 0.3 ka 年期间,平均沉积量为 0.64 至 1.63∙106 m3∙km-2 ,即平均年沉积量为 58.5 至 156.4 m3∙km-2∙yr-1 。此外,还确定了 65 个保存有地貌证据表明过去可能发生过溃决洪水的地点。这些地区对于了解湖泊溃决发生的模式尤为重要,其时间尺度比传统的湖泊溃决洪水灾害研究中考虑的时间尺度更长。本研究提供的数据集旨在作为一个基础,用于确定适合进一步开展特定地点的古地理学、沉积学、地质年代学以及更广泛的山地景观演变研究的地点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Infilled lakes (Pampas) of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru: Inventory, sediment storage, and paleo outbursts
Infilled lakes are a prevalent geomorphic feature in the intricate high mountain landscape of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Despite their apparent geomorphic, hydrological, and ecological importance, a systematic inventory of these areas has been lacking. This study presents an inventory of infilled lakes in the Cordillera Blanca. A total of 962 infilled lake polygons have been manually mapped, covering an area of nearly 90 km2 (the area of individual mapped polygons ranges from 0.001 km2 to 1.760 km2), more than double the area of existing lakes (40 km2) and the majority of flat areas (62% of areas with slope ≤5°). The study reveals that infilled bedrock-dammed lakes are the most common type (42%), while moraine-dammed lakes account for the majority of the infilled lake area (52%) and sediment volume (52% to 57%). Considering high uncertainty of infilled basins’ morphology, the estimated sediment volume of infilled lakes ranges between 0.9 km3 and 2.3 km3 (compared to 0.79 km3 to 1.15 km3 of water stored in existing lakes). The case study of Lake Aguascocha catchment reveals a mean sediment yield of 0.64 to 1.63∙106 m3∙km−2 during the past 10.7 ± 0.3 ka, that is, a mean annual sediment yield of 58.5 to 156.4 m3∙km−2∙yr−1. Furthermore, 65 locations where preserved geomorphic evidence indicates possible outburst floods in the past are identified. These areas are particularly important for understanding patterns of lake outburst occurrence on longer timescales than traditionally considered in lake outburst flood hazard studies. The dataset presented in this study is intended to serve as a basis for identifying sites suitable for further site-specific paleo-geographical, sedimentological, geochronological as well as broader mountain landscape evolution studies.
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