性别与司法:奥斯曼法庭中的妇女地位

IF 1.4 1区 历史学 Q3 ECONOMICS
Metin M. Coşgel, Hamdi Genç, Emre Özer, Sadullah Yıldırım
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文研究父权制框架下男女之间的法律差异。纵观历史,妇女在继承、财产所有权和其他各种法律权利方面一直面临歧视。我们利用十九世纪初奥斯曼帝国法院的数据,研究了法律歧视对妇女在法律冲突中的不同参与度和成功率的影响。结果表明,约有 30% 的案件的当事人是女性,在原告胜诉率方面,性别差距不大,约为 8 到 10 个百分点。这种差距因法院和案件类型而异,这与父权制社会中法律知识和审判风险方面的性别差异是一致的。值得注意的是,在对男性被告提起诉讼时,省法院(科尼亚和库塔希亚)与首都法院(加拉太和于斯库达尔)的差距更为明显。同样,与涉及个人犯罪和商业交换的案件相比,财产和遗嘱继承案件中的性别差距更大,但在家事案 件中,性别差距却发生了逆转。分析表明,诉讼成功率方面的性别差距很大一部分可归因于证据提交(证人证词、书面文件和法律意 见)方面的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gender and justice: The status of women in Ottoman courts

This paper studies legal disparities between men and women in a patriarchal framework. Throughout history, women have confronted discrimination in matters of inheritance, property ownership, and various other legal rights. We examine the consequences of legal discrimination for women's differential engagement and success within legal conflicts, using data from Ottoman courts in the early nineteenth century. The results show that women were parties to approximately 30 per cent of cases, with a modest gender gap of around eight to ten percentage points in terms of plaintiff win rates. The gap varied across courts and types of cases, consistent with gender disparities in legal knowledge and trial stakes in patriarchal societies. Notably, when litigating against male defendants, the disparity was more pronounced in provincial courts (Konya and Kütahya), as opposed to courts in the capital city (Galata and Üsküdar). Similarly, while the gender gap was greater in property and probate cases than those involving personal crimes and commercial exchange, the gap was reversed in family matters. The analysis suggests that a significant portion of the gender gap in litigation success can be attributed to disparities in evidence presentation (witness testimonies, written documents and legal opinions).

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
27.30%
发文量
84
期刊介绍: The Economic History Review is published quarterly and each volume contains over 800 pages. It is an invaluable source of information and is available free to members of the Economic History Society. Publishing reviews of books, periodicals and information technology, The Review will keep anyone interested in economic and social history abreast of current developments in the subject. It aims at broad coverage of themes of economic and social change, including the intellectual, political and cultural implications of these changes.
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