母亲对 24 个月大的性染色体三体儿童的影响。

IF 1.5 3区 医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
Paola Zanchi, Gaia Giulia Angela Sacco, Gaia Silibello, Paola Francesca Ajmone, Maria Antonella Costantino, Paola Giovanna Vizziello, Laura Zampini
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:母语输入在影响婴儿出生后最初几年的语言发展方面发挥着重要作用,母亲根据婴儿的特点调整自己的语言也是显而易见的。最近的研究表明,8 个月大的性染色体三体(SCT)儿童的母语输入在拟声和功能上与发育正常(TD)儿童的母语输入不同。我们有兴趣研究母语输入是否受 SCT 诊断(通过比较 SCT 儿童和 TD 儿童)或儿童语言水平(通过比较词法能力弱的儿童和词法能力典型的儿童(无论是否存在遗传诊断))的影响:参加研究的母子组合有 44 个,其中儿童患有 SCT;20 个母子组合,其中儿童患有 TD。在这 64 个母子组合中,有 23 名儿童(21 名患有 SCT,2 名患有 TD)组成了词汇能力较弱的儿童组(24 个月时词汇量低于 50 个单词的儿童)。在一次视频录制的游戏过程中收集母亲的话语,然后根据输入的语言和功能特征进行编码:结果表明,24 个月大的小班幼儿的语言输入与小班幼儿的语言输入一样丰富和复杂。此外,母语输入所表达的功能也没有发现明显差异(所有 ps 均大于 0.05)。在我们的样本中,对比词汇能力弱的儿童和词汇能力典型的儿童,24 个月大时词汇能力差对母语输入特征有显著影响:与语言能力典型儿童的母亲相比,词汇能力弱儿童的母语输入特征是注意力吸引语(U = 217.00,p = 0.007)较多,而提问语(U = 236.00,p = 0.017)较少:在 24 个月大时,语言发育迟缓和不属于小班幼儿临床群体似乎会影响母语输入的功能特征。重要的是,要在交流过程中和孩子以后的成长过程中为小班幼儿的父母提供支持,引导他们观察孩子表现出来的技能,而不是寻找可能的预知困难:关于该主题的已知研究 文献研究表明,母亲一般都能根据孩子的特点调整自己的投入。据我们所知,最近只有两项研究分析了母亲对 8 个月大的小班幼儿的教育方式,结果显示两者之间存在显著差异。本文对现有知识的补充 24 个月大时,母亲对 SCT 患儿的教育与对 TD 患儿的教育并无不同。在孩子 24 个月大时,母亲会根据孩子表现出的语言能力(词汇能力弱与典型说话能力)调整其输入,而属于临床组别则不会产生影响。这项研究的潜在或实际临床意义是什么?本研究的所有参与者都接受了由专业人士组成的专家团队所做的产前诊断披露,他们都参与了一项旨在监测儿童发育和为其父母提供支持的纵向研究。这些结果表明,在诊断披露过程中,向小儿先天性心脏病患儿的父母提供有关可能发展路径的清晰、完整的信息至关重要。此外,在沟通过程中以及之后孩子的成长过程中,为家长提供支持也是至关重要的,这可以引导家长观察孩子表现出来的能力,而不是寻找可能出现的预知困难。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Maternal input to 24-month-old children with sex chromosome trisomies

Background

Maternal input plays an important role in influencing linguistic development during the first years of life, and it is evident that mothers adapt their language according to their child's characteristics. Recently, it was demonstrated that maternal input addressed to children with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) at 8 months of age is prosodically and functionally different from that addressed to typically developing (TD) peers.

Aims

The study aimed at analysing maternal input at 24 months when the presence of a language delay could be more evident than during the preverbal stage. We were interested in examining if maternal input was influenced by a diagnosis of SCT (by comparing children with SCT and TD children) or by children's linguistic level (by comparing children with weak lexical ability versus children with typical lexical ability regardless of the presence of genetic diagnosis).

Methods and Procedures

Forty-four mother–child dyads in which the children had an SCT and 20 mother–child dyads in which the children were TD participated in the study. Of these 64 dyads, 23 children (21 with SCTs and two TD children) formed the group of children with weak lexical ability (children with a vocabulary size lower than 50 words at 24 months). Maternal utterances were collected during one video-recorded play session and were then coded considering both the linguistic and functional features of the input.

Outcomes and Results

The results showed that the input addressed to 24-month-old children with SCTs is as rich and complex as that addressed to TD peers. Moreover, no significant differences in the functions expressed by maternal input were found (all ps > 0.05). Comparing the children with weak lexical ability and the children with typical lexical ability in our sample, having a poor vocabulary at 24 months of age showed a significant influence on the maternal input features: the input addressed to children with weak lexical ability was characterised by a higher presence of attention getters (U = 217.00, p = 0.007) and a lower proportion of questions (U = 236.00, p = 0.017) than that of mothers of typically-talking children.

Conclusions and Implications

At 24 months of age, it seems that the presence of a language delay and not belonging to the clinical group of children with SCTs influences the functional characteristics of the maternal input. It is important to support the parents of children with SCTs during the communication process and later during their child's development, leading them to observe their children's manifested skills rather than looking for possible predicted difficulties.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known on the subject

  • Studies in the literature demonstrated how mothers can generally adapt their input to their child's characteristics. To our knowledge, only two recent studies analysed the maternal input addressed to children with SCT at 8 months of age, highlighting significant differences.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

  • The maternal input addressed to children with SCT at 24 months of age is not different from that addressed to TD children. At 24 months of age, the mothers adapt their input to the verbal competence shown by their child (weak lexical ability versus typically-talking), while belonging to the clinical group does not show an influence.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

  • All the participants of the present study received prenatal diagnosis disclosure by an expert team of professionals, and they were all involved in a longitudinal study aimed at monitoring the children's development and supporting their parents. These results show that giving clear and complete information about possible development paths to parents of children with SCTs during diagnosis disclosure is crucial. Moreover, supporting the parents during the communication process and later during their child's development is fundamental, leading them to observe their children's manifested skills rather than looking for possible predicted difficulties.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY-REHABILITATION
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
12.50%
发文量
116
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders (IJLCD) is the official journal of the Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists. The Journal welcomes submissions on all aspects of speech, language, communication disorders and speech and language therapy. It provides a forum for the exchange of information and discussion of issues of clinical or theoretical relevance in the above areas.
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