Spectral collocation methods for fractional multipantograph delay differential equations*

In this paper, we propose and analyze a spectral collocation method for the numerical solutions of fractional multipantograph delay differential equations. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. We present that some suitable variable transformations can convert the equations to a Volterra integral equation defined on the standard interval [−1, 1]. Then the Jacobi–Gauss points are used as collocation nodes, and the Jacobi–Gauss quadrature formula is used to approximate the integral equation. Later, the convergence analysis of the proposed method is investigated in the infinity norm and weighted L² norm. To perform the numerical simulations, some test examples are investigated, and numerical results are presented. Further, we provide the comparative study of the proposed method with some existing numerical methods.