Emotions during the Pandemic’s First Wave: The Case of Greek Tweets

While most published research on COVID-19 focused on a few countries and especially on the second wave of the pandemic and the vaccination period, we turn to the first wave (March–May 2020) to examine the sentiments and emotions expressed by Twitter users in Greece. Using deep-learning techniques, the analysis reveals a complex interplay of surprise, anger, fear, and sadness. Initially, surprise was dominant, reflecting the shock and uncertainty accompanying the sudden onset of the pandemic. Anger replaced surprise as individuals struggled with isolation and social distancing. Despite these challenges, positive sentiments of hope, resilience and solidarity were also expressed. The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong imprint upon the emotional landscape worldwide and in Greece. This calls for appealing to emotions as well as to reason when crafting effective public health strategies.