Improving Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Healthy Late Preterm Neonates Through Reformed Lactation Support Program: A Before and After Study

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF) reduces neonatal mortality up to three times, particularly in preterm and low-birth weight infants. Existing Lactation Support Program (LSP) of the institute tackles breastfeeding-related issues to achieve EIBF as early as possible for all delivered healthy infants. LSP was reformed by introducing new policy in February 2021 to achieve EIBF <1 hour in all healthy delivered neonates. The aim of the study was to study the efficacy of new lactation policy of LSP on rates of EIBF and time to attain the first breastfeeding in late preterm neonates of gestational age 35+0 weeks -36+6 weeks. A ‘before-and-after’ design was used to study the effect of the new policy on EIBF at a tertiary care institute in India from January 2018 to March 2023. Impact was assessed by comparing baseline data in pre-policy (group A) with that of new policy (group B). Among 417 babies included, 336 and 81 belonged to group A and B, respectively. EIBF rates were 42% and 99% in group A and group B, respectively ( p < .0001). Median time to initiate EIBF was 100 min IQR [85–117] in group A compared to 26 minutes IQR [19–37] in group B ( p < .0001). Lactation support program is an invaluable key practice for attainment of EIBF. Through simple measures, significant improvement in EIBF was possible in healthy late preterm population. This LSP can be considered as ideal model to be adapted at national level to improvise EIBF.