幼年激素 III 诱导揭示了欧亚云杉树皮甲虫一般代谢、信息素生物合成和解毒过程中的关键基因

IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Rajarajan Ramakrishnan, Amit Roy, J. Hradecký, Marco Kai, Karel Harant, A. Svatoš, Anna Jirošová
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,树皮甲虫Ips typographus大面积爆发,对欧洲的挪威云杉林造成了广泛破坏。这种害虫利用信息素辅助聚集来克服树木的防御,从而对寄主云杉进行大规模攻击。I.typographus的许多形态和行为过程都受幼年激素III(JH III)的调控,包括聚集信息素和相关解毒单萜共轭物的生物合成。在这项研究中,我们局部应用了幼年激素 III(JH III),并对典型虹鳟雌雄进行了代谢组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学研究,主要目的是:1. 突出 JH III 调控的代谢过程;2. 确定与信息素生物合成相关的基因;以及 3.JH III 处理后富集了许多基因家族,包括与催化和氧化还原酶活性、酯酶、磷酸酶和膜转运体相关的基因。观察到雌性生殖相关基因和解毒基因以及雄性代谢调节基因的性别特异性富集。在蛋白质水平上,雄甲虫富含金属离子结合酶和转移酶。经 JHIII 处理后,雄性甲虫的甲羟戊酸途径基因(包括末端异戊烯基二磷酸合成酶(IPDS))完全上调了 35 倍,这证明了信息素成分 2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇和ipsdienol 的从头生物合成。此外,可能参与顺式/反式-verbenol 生物合成、解毒和形成 ipsdienol 的细胞色素 P450 基因在雄性肠道中上调了 3 倍。基因表达的增加与相应代谢物的生产增加有关。应用 JHIII 能诱导甲虫脂肪体中的解毒共轭物--马鞭草油酸酯和肠道中的马鞭草二糖苷,这证实了激素对其形成的调节作用。JH III诱导还增加了雄虫肠道组织蛋白中的酯酶和糖基水解酶基因。酯酶被认为是通过分解油酸马鞭草酯来释放成年雄虫体内的信息素顺式马鞭草醇。相关分析证实,诱导的雄性甲虫体内油酸马鞭草酯的丰度有所降低。这些数据提供了证据,证明 JH III 在 Ips typographus 中与甲虫基本代谢、信息素生物合成和解毒有关的基因和酶的表达中起着调节作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Juvenile hormone III induction reveals key genes in general metabolism, pheromone biosynthesis, and detoxification in Eurasian spruce bark beetle
In recent years, bark beetle Ips typographus, has caused extensive damage to European Norway spruce forests through widespread outbreaks. This pest employs pheromone-assisted aggregation to overcome tree defense, resulting in mass attacks on host spruce. Many morphological and behavioral processes in I. typographus are under the regulation of juvenile hormone III (JH III), including the biosynthesis of aggregation pheromones and associated detoxification monoterpene conjugates.In this study, we topically applied juvenile hormone III (JH III) and performed metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in I. typographus both sexes, with focused aims; 1. Highlight the JH III-regulated metabolic processes; 2. Identify pheromone biosynthesis-linked genes; and 3. Investigate JH III’s impact on detoxification conjugates linked to pheromonal components.Numerous gene families were enriched after JH III treatment, including genes associated with catalytic and oxidoreductase activity, esterases, phosphatases, and membrane transporters. Sex-specific enrichments for reproduction-related and detoxification genes in females and metabolic regulation genes in males were observed. On the protein level were enriched metal ion binding and transferase enzymes in male beetles. After JHIII treatment, mevalonate pathway genes, including terminal isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IPDS), were exclusively 35- folds upregulated in males, providing evidence of de novo biosynthesis of pheromone components 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and ipsdienol. In addition, cytochrome P450 genes likely involved in the biosynthesis of cis/trans-verbenol, detoxification, and formation of ipsdienol, were 3-fold upregulated in the male gut. The increase in gene expression correlated with the heightened production of the respective metabolites. Detoxification conjugates, verbenyl oleate in the beetle fat body and verbenyl diglycosides in the gut, were induced by JHIII application, which confirms the hormone regulation of their formation. The JH III induction also increased the gene contigs esterase and glycosyl hydrolase up to proteins from male gut tissue. The esterase was proposed to release pheromone cis-verbenol in adult males by breaking down verbenyl oleate. The correlating analyses confirmed a reduction in the abundance of verbenyl oleate in the induced male beetle.The data provide evidence of JH III’s regulatory role in the expression of genes and enzymes related to fundamental beetle metabolism, pheromone biosynthesis, and detoxification in Ips typographus.
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