Entropy generation and heat transfer performance of cylindrical tube heat exchanger with perforated conical rings: a numerical study

Here we report a numerical analysis of a cylindrical tube heat exchanger equipped with perforated conical rings. This study reports entropy generation, energy consumption and thermal evaluation of heat exchanger by using ternary hybrid nanofluid (as a coolant). The nanomaterials such as Al2O3, Cu, MWCNT (multi walled carbon nanotubes) with various volume fraction (φ=0-0.5%) are used. The mean diameter of the nanoparticles is 42 nm. The geometrical effects of perforated conical rings on the heat transfer rate, effectiveness, performance index, entropy generation and energy consumption are discussed. Mass flow rate is varied from 0.2 kg/s to 1 kg/s. The optimum performance is highlighted with 0.5% of volume fraction along with 0.4 kg/s mass flow rate. It is noted that the entropy generation is 50% lower by using ternary hybrid nanofluid. This study enables to understand the choice and volume fraction of particles, base fluid and flow rate of the fluid motion.