在 BEPS 项目下,国家税收状况对跨国公司税收规划的影响

Y. Hlushchenko, O. Korohodova, N. Chernenko, Kateryna Moskvychova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章指出,在全球化背景下,跨国公司对其母国、东道国的经济以及国际经济关系的整体状况产生了越来越大的影响。作者强调,税收筹划是跨国公司的活动之一,其有利和不利影响都会引起全球公众的关注。文章对 "税收景观 "一词提出了自己的定义,与现有定义不同的是,该定义区分了纵向、横向和时间方面。纵向方面是指超国家层面的税收和国家层面的税收的综合;横向方面是指一个独立国家内的税收规则和法律体系;时间方面是指税收的主要要素随着时间的推移而发生的变化。事实证明,在当前税收格局形成阶段,要描述超国家层面的特点,就必须考虑到作为实施国际 BEPS 项目的一部分而确定的税收要素:全球最低税、剩余利润税率以及作为征税对象的剩余利润。作者根据直接税水平将所研究的国家分为三组:高税率国家(美国、加拿大和澳大利亚)、中等税率国家(英国、法国、意大利、印度、德国和瑞士)和低税率国家(中国和沙特阿拉伯)。第一组(美国)和第二组(英国、德国、法国、瑞士和意大利)因 "避税天堂 "而造成的税收损失最大。有人提出,注册国和数字存在国的直接税(利润和资本)水平、税收立法的不稳定性以及对税收公正条件的遵守,是跨国公司在制定税收筹划战略时应考虑的税收环境因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE IMPACT OF THE TAX LANDSCAPE OF THE COUNTRY ON THE TAX PLANNING OF TNCs UNDER THE BEPS PROJECT
The article notes that in the context of globalization, multinational corporations exert an increasing influence on the economies of their home countries, host countries, and the overall state of international economic relations. The authors underline that tax planning is one of the TNC activities that grabs attention of the global public in terms of both its favorable and unfavorable effects. The article offers its own definition of the term «tax landscape», in which, unlike the existing ones, vertical, horizontal and temporal aspects are distinguished. The vertical aspect is presented as a synthesis of the supranational level of taxation and the national one; horizontal, as a system of tax rules and laws within a separate state; temporal, as a change in the main elements of taxation over time. It has been proven that at the current stage of formation of tax landscapes to characterize the supranational level, it is necessary to take into account the elements of taxation defined as part of the implementation of the international BEPS project: the global minimum tax, tax rates for surplus profits, and surplus profits as an object of taxation. The authors have been able to divide the studied countries into three groups depending on the level of direct taxation: high (United States, Canada and Australia), moderate (Great Britain, France, Italy, India, Germany and Switzerland), and low (China and Saudi Arabia). The first group (the United States) and the second group (the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, and Italy) have been found to have the greatest tax losses as a result of «tax havens.» The level of direct taxation (profit and capital) in the countries of registration and countries of digital presence, the volatility of tax legislation, and compliance with the conditions of tax justice have been proposed as factors of the tax landscape to be taken into account by transnational corporations when developing tax planning strategies.
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