Chemical Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Chikusetsusaponin IVa Butyl Ester and Its Analogues

Chikusetsusaponin IVa butyl ester (CS-IVa-Be) is a triterpene saponin that acts as a novel IL6R antagonist for inducing breast cancer cell apoptosis. However, the structure-activity relationship of this class of saponins remains unclear. Here we report the gram-scale synthesis of CS-IVa-Be and the efficient preparation of its eight analogues. CS-IVa-Be was demonstrated to have significant antitumor activities against MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and A549 cells. When one of the sugar residues at either 3-OH or 28-COOH position of CS-IVa-Be was cleaved, or the length of the alkyl chain on the D-glucuronic acid residue of CS-IVa-Be was changed, these analogues showed varied inhibitory activities against the cancer cell lines. Notably, the carboxylic acid form of CS-IVa-Be exhibited stronger antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, the carboxylic acid form of CS-IVa-Be inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner by arresting cell cycle at the G2/M phase.