The Impacts of Air Pollution on Human Health: A Critical Literature Review

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of air pollution on human health. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of air pollution on human health. Preliminary empirical review revealed higher levels of air pollution were associated with accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. Adverse effects of air pollution on the mental health were found in most of the studies reviewed. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Particulate Matter Theory, Oxidative Stress Theory and Inflammatory Response Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health. Healthcare systems should be prepared to address the health impacts of air pollution adequately. Healthcare professionals need to be trained to recognize and treat respiratory and cardiovascular conditions related to air pollution exposure. Additionally, governments should allocate sufficient resources to manage the potential increase in healthcare demands due to air pollution-related illnesses. Air pollution is a global issue that requires international cooperation and collaboration. Countries should work together to share best practices, research findings, and technologies for reducing air pollution and improving human health worldwide.