Pseudogout mimicking cervical spine osteomyelitis and ventral epidural abscess: A case report and literature review

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD), also known as “pseudogout,” is a crystal deposition arthropathy involving the synovial and periarticular tissues. Pseudogout rarely presents in the axial spine. Here, we present the case of an 80-year-old female patient admitted after a mechanical fall, initially misdiagnosed on computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance studies with cervical osteodiscitis/ventral epidural abscess that proved to be pseudogout. An 80-year-old female was admitted after a mechanical fall. The initial cervical CT scan showed multilevel degenerative changes with an acute C6 anterior wedge compression fracture, focal kyphosis, C5-6 disc space collapse, and endplate destruction. The magnetic resonance imaging showed marked contrast enhancement of the C5-6 vertebral bodies and disc space. An interventional radiology-guided biopsy of the C5-6 vertebral bodies and disc space was consistent with calcium pyrophosphate deposits, was diagnostic for pseudogout, and was negative for infection. She was managed conservatively with a rigid collar and seven days of oral prednisone. CPPD involvement in the axial spine is rare. Prompt pathologic diagnosis should be pursued to rule out an infectious process.