Management of Multifocal Squamous Dysplasia: Role of Esophagectomy

Squamous dysplasia precedes invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, but there is limited evidence on its surgical management. The “field change effect” further complicates matters, causing multifocal or second primary neoplasms in the esophagus and upper aerodigestive tract. While endoscopic procedures are the primary treatment, surgical resection, either alone or in combination with endoscopy, must be considered given the extent of the disease and organ involvement. This chapter summarizes multifocal squamous dysplasia scenarios and highlights the role of esophagectomy or surgical resection.