阿拉伯语母语和借词中带有 /h+a:t/ 的阴性复数音

Reima Al-Jarf
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在比较阿拉伯语本族语和外来语中以/h+a:t/结尾的雌音复数,并解释/h+a:t/出现在本族语和外来语复数中的条件,而与源语言无关。本研究收集了来自英语、法语、意大利语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语、波斯语和土耳其语的 45 个外来词样本,以及 80 个以 /h+a:t/ 结尾的女性复数阿拉伯语名词/形容词样本。结果表明,阿拉伯语使用者只需在停顿前加上复数后缀 /a:t/,就能将以 /h/ 或 ta marboutah(تاء مربوطة)结尾的母语名词/形容词复数化。这意味着 /h/ 是阿拉伯语词干不可分割的一部分。而在借词中,由于阿拉伯语语音学不允许在词干和后缀之间出现两个长元音的序列,因此在词干的末尾长元音和/-a:t/的初始长元音之间添加一个/h/作为联络辅音。通过在法语的复数化中插入一个 /h/,阿拉伯语的正字法与音韵学之间建立了联系、阿拉伯语中以/eɪ/ 结尾的法语单词在阿拉伯语中拼写为 "يه""",如 كليشيه، كافيه بوفيه، شاليه。/h/ 也会插入带有末尾长元音的词干中,如 استديوهات /studio-ha:t/ studios。在这里,讲阿拉伯语的人在单数词干 video、stereo、studio、baby、avenue 的末尾假定有一个潜在的 /h/。这一规则并不适用于像 كيلوات فيتوات 中那样词干末尾带有短元音的借词,甚至当借词中的所有元音都通过中和过程被缩短时也是如此。在极少数情况下,辅音会从词干移到词缀上形成一个音节。阿拉伯语使用者凭直觉构成复数,即阿拉伯语复数构成规则已被内化。因此,他们通过类比将外国名词复数化。一些借词的女声复数与一些阿拉伯语本地词的女声复数押韵,如借词 /kli:ʃeɪha:t//、/bu:feɪha:t/、/vituwa:t/、/kiluwa:t/ 和阿拉伯语词 /safi:ha:t/、/nabi:ha:t/、/nadawa:t/、/falawa:t/、/Salawa:t/。复数化时,借词和本词的长度和音节结构相同。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Feminine Sound Plurals with /h+a:t/ in Native and Borrowed Words in Arabic
This study aimed to compare the ending /h+a:t/ in Feminine Sound Plural of native and loanwords in Arabic, and explain the conditions under which /h+a:t/ appears in the plural of native and loanwords regardless of the source language. A sample of 45 loanwords from English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portugues, Farsi, and Turkish and 80 native Arabic nouns/adjectives with a Feminine Sound Plural ending in /h+a:t/ were collected. Results showed that Arabic speakers pluralize native nouns/adjectives with a stem ending in /h/ or ta marboutah (تاء مربوطة) pronounced /h/ before a pause by simply adding the plural suffix /-a:t/. This means that /h/ is an integral part of the Arabic stem. Whereas in loanwords, they add an /h/ as a liaison consonant between the final long vowel in the stem and the initial long vowel in the /-a:t/ as Arabic phonology does not allow a sequence of two long vowels between a stem and a suffix. By inserting an /h/ in the pluralization of loanwords from French, they are connecting orthography with phonology as French words ending with final /eɪ/ are spelled in Arabic with a final يه"” as in كليشيه، كافيه بوفيه، شاليه. /h/ is also inserted in stems with a final long vowel as in استديوهات /studio-ha:t/ studios. Here, Arabic speakers are assuming an underlying /h/ at the end of singular stems video, stereo, studio, baby, avenue. This rule does not apply to loanwords with stems with a final short vowel as in كيلوات فيتوات and even when all the vowels in the loanword are shortened through a neutralization process. In few cases, the consonant is moved from the stem to the suffix to form a syllable. Arabic speakers form plurals intuitively, i.e., Arabic plural formation rules are internalized. As a result they pluralize foreign nouns by analogy. Some Feminine Sound Plurals of loanwords rhyme with Feminine Sound Plurals of some native Arabic words as in loanwords /kli:ʃeɪha:t//, /bu:feɪha:t/, /vituwa:t/, /kiluwa:t/ & Arabic words /safi:ha:t/, /nabi:ha:t/, /nadawa:t/, /falawa:t/ , /Salawa:t/. When pluralized, the loanword and native have the same length and the same syllable structure.
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