دور العصبية في أحداث الفتنة بقرطبة خلال القرن 5ه-11م

During the fifth century AH (eleventh century AD), Andalusia witnessed historical events that historians called the “Fitna of al-Andalus”, which had an impact on various political and social levels, especially after the end of the rule of the Amiriden in 399 AH-1009 AD. During this period, Andalusia entered into ongoing conflicts between different classes of society. Moreover, this conflict increased in a dangerous way, threatening Islam and Muslims. It resulted in a new formation of political features for the map of Andalusia, distributed among the various actors from the social groups within their areas due to the political conditions that forced them to do so—with this policy, incidents and wars emerged between the various ethnic groups, perpetuating a state of insecurity and instability in the lives and properties of the various population groups. Ethnic conflict has been established between the Andalusian, Barbarian, and Ṣaqālibah communities, fueled by the spirit of tribal affiliation, which has become the main factor in the movement of strife and the determination of the relationship between the segments of Andalusian society within a tribal framework. In this study, we follow the descriptive and analytical methods of the course of events to highlight the goal of the tribal dimension and its role in feeding the nervous conflict in Andalusia, which destroyed Islamic civilization.