环境温度对母羊繁殖、授精过程中的适应性反应以及羔羊生产特性的影响

IF 0.5 Q4 BIOLOGY
I. Korkh, N. V. Boiko, І. A. Pomitun, A. P. Paliy, O. Pavlichenko, Y. V. Negreba, V. I. Rysovanyi, A. S. Siabro
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引用次数: 0

摘要

母羊的繁殖功能及其后代的发育在很大程度上受其临床状况和环境温度的影响。在过去的二十年里,最高气温明显升高,这使得气候变化成为包括乌克兰在内的全世界养羊业面临的一个紧迫问题。暴露在室外高温环境中,尤其是在交配季节,其后果可能表现为育成羊体内的热负荷显著增加,临床指标和繁殖能力下降。另一方面,目前对这些因素如何相互作用的了解还不够,这就决定了这项工作的相关性。为了确定 2021 年交配季节绵羊授精的有效条件,同时考虑到授精条件和外界气温的特点,对同一羊群的母羊组成了三个技术组,分别在 8 月至 9 月期间(8 月 15 日至 8 月 27 日、8 月 28 日至 9 月 9 日和 9 月 10 日至 9 月 21 日)用从同一饲养者那里获得的新鲜精子进行人工授精。研究发现,在 8 月 28 日至 9 月 9 日期间人工授精的母羊对环境条件的适应能力较差,体温、脉搏和呼吸频率的日波动幅度增大,死胎、流产的情况增多,幼畜(包括对繁殖极具价值的母羊羔羊)的保存率降低,人工授精初期和后期的保存率分别降低了 15.8%和 10.9%。然而,8 月 15 日至 8 月 27 日期间受精的母羊所产的小羔羊在断奶前的存活率最高,这是因为与交配季节后期受精的母羊相比,公羊在断奶前的产出率较低,而 8 月 28 日至 9 月 9 日受精的母羊在断奶前的产出率较高。研究表明,羔羊在出生后早期发育期间的生长速度因母羊受精的时间而异。在 8 月 15 日至 27 日之间受精的母羊所产羔羊在 90 天时的体重最高,分别达到 26.81 千克和 24.18 千克;分别比公羊高出 20.1%和 26.8%,比在繁殖季节中期和末期受精的母羔羊分别高出 19.1%和 18.8%。日平均生长值也有类似情况。据测定,交配季节初期和中期受精的母羊所产幼畜的临床指标,尤其是体温的形成最为强烈。这项研究的结果使我们得以了解绵羊对环境温度变化的适应机制,这将有助于今后的研究,以确定环境温度对羔羊出生后第一天(这是最关键的一天)的体温潜势和临床状况的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The impact of environmental temperature on ewe reproduction, adaptive responses during insemination, and productive characteristics of the lambs obtained from them
The reproductive function of ewes and the development of their offspring are largely influenced by their clinical condition and the temperature of the environment. The maximum temperature values have significantly increased over the last two decades, making climate change a pressing issue for sheep breeding worldwide, including Ukraine. The consequences of exposure to high temperatures of the outside air, above all, in the mating season, can be marked by a significant increase in the heat load on the body of the brood stock, a decrease in clinical indicators and reproductive capacity. On the other hand, the current understanding of how these components interact is insufficient, which conditions the relevance of this work. In order to determine the effective terms of insemination of sheep in the mating season of 2021, taking into account the terms of insemination and the characteristics of the outside air temperature, three technological groups of ewes were formed, which were in the same flock and were artificially inseminated with freshly obtained sperm from the same breeders in August–September: from August 15 to August 27; from August 28 to September 9 and from September 10 to September 21. It was discovered that ewes inseminated between August 28th and September 9th were less adaptable to environmental conditions, experiencing increased daily fluctuations of body temperature, pulse and breathing rates, stillborn lambs, cases of abortion, and decreased preservation of young animals, including ewe lambs, which are highly valuable in breeding – by 15.8% and 10.9% concerning the initial and final phases of the insemination period. However, the young lambs born from ewes inseminated between August 15th and August 27th had the highest survival rate until weaning due to better survival of ewe lambs compared to those inseminated during later phases of the mating season against the background of a lower percentage of output of rams until the moment of weaning against ewes that were inseminated from August 28 to September 9. It has been shown that the growth rate of lambs during early postnatal development varies depending on the timing of their mothers' insemination. Ewes inseminated between August 15th and 27th produced lambs with the highest weight at 90 days, reaching 26.81 and 24.18 kg, respectively; 20.1% and 26.8% more than rams, and 19.1% and 18.8% more than female lambs whose mothers were inseminated in the middle and at the end of the breeding season. A similar picture is characteristic of the average daily growth values. It was determined that the formation of clinical indicators, and above all, the body temperature of young animals born from mothers fertilized at the beginning and in the middle of the mating season, was the most intense. The results of this study made it possible to understand the adaptive mechanisms of the response of sheep to changes in environmental temperature, which will be useful in future investigations to determine its effect on the thermopotential and clinical condition of lambs during the first day after birth, which is the most critical.
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