美洲最初人口的人类学概念

IF 1.6 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

PaleoAmerica Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI:10.1080/20555563.2023.2278948

Ruth Gruhn

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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要目前流行的美洲最初定居模式提出，从后冰河时期早期的最初进入开始，两块大陆被迅速占领。考虑到小群体狩猎采集者的适应技能和社会网络的人种学记录，我认为这两个巨大而多样的大陆的人口迁移一定是一个缓慢的当地适应过程，而且最初的进入一定是在末次冰川大期（LGM）之前开始的。在末次冰川极盛期之后，已经低密度占据这两块大陆的早期人口在冰川期后气候条件改善的情况下迅速扩大，考古遗址随之增加，造成了晚期人口迅速增加的假象。对目前已知的大冰期前考古遗址进行了总结，预计还会发现更多遗址。

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An Anthropological Conception of the Initial Peopling of the Americas

ABSTRACT A currently popular model of the initial settlement of the Americas proposes a very rapid occupation of both continents beginning with the initial entry in early postglacial times. Considering the ethnographic record of small-group hunter-gatherer adaptive skill and social networking, I argue that the peopling of the two immense and diverse continents must have been a slow process of local adaptation, and initial entry must have begun before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). After the LGM, the early populations that already had occupied both continents in low density expanded rapidly in the improved postglacial climatic conditions, with the resulting increase in archaeological sites creating the illusion of late and rapid peopling. Presently known pre-LGM archaeological sites are summarized, and discovery of more sites is to be expected.

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来源期刊

PaleoAmerica Earth and Planetary Sciences-Paleontology

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： PaleoAmerica disseminates new research results and ideas about early human dispersal and migrations, with a particular focus on the Americas. It fosters an interdisciplinary dialog between archaeologists, geneticists and other scientists investigating the dispersal of modern humans during the late Pleistocene. The journal has three goals: First and foremost, the journal is a vehicle for the presentation of new research results. Second, it includes editorials on special topics written by leaders in the field. Third, the journal solicits essays covering current debates in the field, the state of research in relevant disciplines, and summaries of new research findings in a particular region, for example Beringia, the Eastern Seaboard or the Southern Cone of South America. Although the journal’s focus is the peopling of the Americas, editorials and research essays also highlight the investigation of early human colonization of empty lands in other areas of the world. As techniques are developing so rapidly, work in other regions can be very relevant to the Americas, so the journal will publish research relating to other regions which has relevance to research on the Americas.