2003-2022 年期间乌克兰钩端螺旋体病的动物学和流行病学问题

IF 0.5 Q4 BIOLOGY
L. Korniienko, V. Ukhovskyi, O. A. Moroz, O. Chechet, M. Y. Romanko, G. B. Aliekseieva, T. Tsarenko, L. M. Chernenko, N. B. Vydaiko, N. P. Nenych
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人畜共患病钩端螺旋体病是一种由致病性钩端螺旋体细菌引起的传染病,可从动物传染给人类。动物,尤其是野生和家养哺乳动物,是携带并随尿液排出这种细菌的宿主。根据地区国家兽医实验室和公共卫生中心的报告,对 2003 年至 2022 年乌克兰动物和人类钩端螺旋体病的发病率进行了回顾性分析。使用地理信息系统(GIS)制图对数据进行分析和可视化。对不同动物物种(包括农场动物、家畜和野生动物)的钩端螺旋体病发病率和流行率进行了分析。这些研究包括对不同动物物种的钩端螺旋体病血清样本进行回顾性分析,并分析结果以确定血清阳性水平。研究共分析了 6 543 934 个样本,总体血清阳性率为 3.3%。在牛中,4.1%的样本呈阳性。猪的血清阳性率为 2.1%。马的血清阳性率为 7.9%,狗和猫的血清阳性率分别为 17.5% 和 13.1%。野猪的阳性率为 2.2%。从 2003 年到 2022 年,乌克兰不同物种的血清阳性动物数量呈现出不同的动态变化。牛、猪和马的阳性病例数最多。然而,2015 年后,阳性病例数量显著下降,这与农场动物数量的大幅减少相吻合。2007-2015 年期间,狗和猫的血清阳性率呈上升趋势,这表明这些物种与主要农业物种一样,也是钩端螺旋体的活跃携带者。血清阳性率稳定的野生动物既是钩端螺旋体的来源,也是其储库。野猪正在成为乌克兰所有地区的主要细菌携带者。农场动物和野生动物的阳性病例数量明显不成比例,这表明这些种群的血清阳性反应在很大程度上是独立存在的。2003 年至 2022 年期间,乌克兰共有 7,937 人受到感染。某些地区,如利沃夫、赫尔松、基辅、米科拉夫和文尼察,占病例总数的比例较大,从 4.8% 到 7.3% 不等。人类钩端螺旋体病的发病率多年来有所波动,2014 年达到峰值 473 例,随后出现下降:2015 年为 301 例,2016 年为 323 例,2017 年为 330 例,随后几年病例数保持相对稳定,每年在 142 例至 295 例之间。研究强调,有必要改进预防措施,提高公众对该疾病的认识,尤其是在农村地区。重要的是,要采取跨学科的综合方法,包括兽医、公共卫生和环境部门之间的合作,以更好地了解和解决钩端螺旋体病传播的复杂性,减少其对动物和人类健康的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Epizootological and epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in Ukraine for the period 2003–2022
Zoonotic leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira bacteria that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Animals, especially wild and domestic mammals, are reservoir hosts that carry and excrete the bacteria in their urine. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of leptospirosis in animals and humans in Ukraine from 2003 to 2022 was conducted based on reports from regional state laboratories of veterinary medicine and the Center for Public Health. GIS mapping was used to analyze and visualize the data. The incidence and prevalence of leptospirosis among different animal species, including farm, domestic and wild animals, were analyzed. These studies included a retrospective analysis of blood serum samples from different animal species for leptospirosis and analysis of the results to determine the level of seropositivity. The study analyzed a total of 6,543,934 samples, with an overall seropositivity rate of 3.3%. Among cattle, 4.1% of the samples were positive. For pigs, 2.1% were positive. Horses had a seropositivity rate of 7.9%, while dogs and cats had seropositivity rates of 17.5% and 13.1% respectively. Wild boars showed a positivity rate of 2.2%. The number of seropositive animals of different species in Ukraine showed different dynamics from 2003 to 2022. The highest number of positive cases was found among cattle, pigs and horses. However, the number of positive cases decreased significantly after 2015, which coincides with a significant reduction in the number of farm animals. Trends of increasing seropositivity among dogs and cats in the period 2007–2015 indicate that these species are also active carriers of Leptospira, as are the leading agricultural species. Wildlife species with stable seropositivity serve as both sources and reservoirs of Leptospira. Wild pigs are becoming the main bacterial carriers in all regions of Ukraine. There is a marked disproportion between the number of positive cases among farm animals and wildlife, indicating that seropositivity in these populations exists largely autonomously. A total of 7,937 people were infected in Ukraine between 2003 and 2022. Certain regions, such as Lviv, Kherson, Kyiv, Mykolaiv, and Vinnytsia, account for a larger share of the total number of cases, ranging from 4.8% to 7.3%. The incidence of human leptospirosis has fluctuated over the years, peaking at 473 cases in 2014, followed by a decline: 301 cases in 2015, 323 cases in 2016 and 330 cases in 2017, and in subsequent years the number of cases remained relatively stable, ranging from 142 to 295 cases per year. The study emphasizes the need to improve preventive measures and raise public awareness of the disease, especially in rural areas. It is important to adopt a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach involving collaboration between veterinary medicine, public health and environmental authorities to better understand and address the complexities of leptospirosis transmission and reduce its impact on animal and human health.
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