开发生物工程玉米种植技术

Anronina Drobitko, Tetiana Kachanova
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摘要

农业生产者使用大量矿物肥料和植保产品,导致土壤、种子和环境污染,降低了生产利润。现代农业开始将重点转向生物化,包括开发和实施环境友好型替代系统、减少化学品、引进能源和资源节约技术、使用生物植保产品和生物有机肥料。这项研究旨在调查生物技术对使用各种有机肥料以环保方式种植玉米的有效性。研究玉米种植新技术采用了以下方法:分析、综合、类比、比较和归纳;田间和实验室;计算--经济和生物能源效率评估。为了研究不同生物来源的有机肥对评估典型切尔诺泽姆腐殖质状态的影响,进行了田间试验,以评估对乌克兰大草原玉米谷物产量的影响。施用有机肥后,腐殖质中的有机碳含量上限为 3.2-3.5%,腐殖酸含量上限为 1.9-2.2%,富里酸含量上限为 0.7-1.0%。在玉米籽粒的试验样品中,粗蛋白含量为 13.5%-14.0%,粗脂肪含量为 2.4%-2.7%,粗纤维含量为 2.1%-2.4%,粗灰分含量为 1.3%-1.7%,无氮萃取物含量为 64.7%-67.4%,水分含量为 12.0%-14.9%。对照变种的谷物产量为 9.7 吨/公顷,试验田的谷物产量为 11.5-13.4 吨/公顷。所获得的数据有助于按照栽培和产量的生态梯度开发基于生物技术的玉米栽培技术,并优化所研究的农业技术方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development of biologically engineered corn growing technologies
Agricultural producers use large quantities of mineral fertilisers and plant protection products, which leads to soil, seed and environmental pollution and reduces the profitability of production. Modern agriculture starts to shift its focus to biologisation, which includes the development and implementation of environmentally friendly alternative systems, the reduction of chemicals, the introduction of energy and resource-saving technologies, use of biological plant protection products and bio-organic fertilisers. The research aims to investigate the effectiveness of biological technologies for growing maize in an environmentally friendly way using various organic fertilisers. The following methods were used to study the new corn growing technology: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, and generalisation; field and laboratory; calculation – assessment of economic and bioenergy efficiency. To study the effect of organic fertilisers of different biological origins on the assessment of the humus state of typical chernozems, field experiments were conducted to assess the impact on corn grain yield in the Ukrainian Steppe. After the application of organic fertiliser, the limits of organic carbon content in humus were 3.2-3.5%, humic acid 1.9-2.2%, and fulvic acid 0.7-1.0%. In the experimental samples of maize grain, the content of crude protein ranged from 13.5 to 14.0%, crude fat from 2.4 to 2.7%, crude fibre from 2.1 to 2.4%, crude ash from 1.3 to 1.7%, and nitrogen-free extractives from 64.7 to 67.4%, moisture from 12.0 to 14.9%. The grain yield in the control variant was 9.7 t/ha, and in the experimental plots, it was 11.5-13.4 t/ha. The data obtained can help in the development of biologically based maize cultivation technology following the ecological gradient of cultivation and yield with optimisation of the studied agrotechnical methods
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