神经管缺陷:目前对病因、产前预防和早期诊断的看法。综述

Liliyana A. Chugunova, Alexandra A. Piskulina, Kirill V. Kostiukov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对神经管缺陷的病因、预防和早期诊断进行了文献综述,重点介绍了这些疾病的病因和风险因素。介绍了神经管畸形的各种发病机制以及叶酸在预防神经管畸形中的作用。介绍了妊娠头三个月中枢神经系统结构超声评估的主要阶段。此外,还介绍了可识别脊柱裂的基本超声成像技术。本综述旨在介绍有关神经管缺陷的病因、预防和早期诊断的最新数据。以 "神经管缺陷"、"脊柱裂"、"产前诊断"、"叶酸"、"脑膜瘤"、"骨髓炎 "为关键词,在国内外文献数据库(eLIBRARY、Medline/PubMed、Embase、Crossref、RSCI)中进行了检索。有 25 篇论文符合筛选标准并被纳入综述。医护人员对产前预防方法和围产期早期超声诊断神经管畸形可能性的认识,将降低神经管畸形的发病率和婴儿发病率,并提高医疗护理的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Neural tube defects: current view on etiology, prenatal prevention, and early diagnosis. A review
A literature review on the etiology, prevention, and early diagnosis of neural tube defects is presented, focusing on the causes and risk factors for these disorders. Various pathogenetic mechanisms for neural tube defects and the role of folic acid in their prevention are described. The main stages of ultrasound evaluation of the central nervous system structures in the first trimester of pregnancy are addressed. A basic ultrasound imaging technique that allows to identify spina bifida is provided. This review aims to present current data on the etiology, prevention, and early diagnosis of neural tube defects. A search was conducted in domestic and foreign literature databases (eLIBRARY, Medline/PubMed, Embase, Crossref, RSCI) using the keywords "neural tube defect," "spina bifida," "prenatal diagnosis," "folic acid," "meningomyelocele," "myeloschisis." Twenty-five papers met the selection criteria and were included in the review. Healthcare providers' awareness of the methods of prenatal prophylaxis and the possibilities of early perinatal ultrasound diagnosis of neural tube defects will reduce their incidence and infant morbidity rates and increase the effectiveness of medical care.
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6 weeks
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