宗教身份现象:内容的哲学和法律建构

Victoriya Chornopyska
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摘要

文章在哲学和法律论述的框架内揭示了宗教认同现象。文章界定了理解宗教特性的两种最常见的方法:第一种方法认为,宗教认同的定义是宗教意识的范畴,其内容是对与观念和价值观之间关系的理解,它实现了个人的一般宗教自我特征,即个人对神圣的态度,这种态度可以用个人对个别符号的超自然特征的态度来表达。因此,这种态度可以通过以下定义来实现:"我是一个信徒";第二种方法认为宗教身份是对某种宗教或特定宗教团体的一种归属形式,个人对宗教组织的归属感由此形成。因此,宗教身份界定了一种特定形式的宗教性,并作为一种忏悔身份得以实现,可以用以下定义来表述:"我是天主教徒"、"我是佛教徒"、"我是穆斯林 "等等。研究发现,宗教认同是一种社会心理建构,它勾勒出一个宗教组织的统一性,这种统一性是通过社区成员对一套共同的理想化符号的主体间取向来实现的,这套符号实现了一个宗教组织的本体论、公理和伦理规定的本质,并通过共同的神圣实践得以再现。身份作为一种属性,是个人对某种社会完整性--宗教团体--的归属。从建构主义的角度来看,宗教身份是一种社会建构,是个人在社会分类的基础上对宗教现实进行主观反思和积极建构的过程中产生的。因此,宗教本身(宗教方向、教派团体、邪教)的文化统一性不是其主要特征,而是存在的结果和意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Phenomenon of religious identity: philosophical and legal construction of the content
The article reveals the phenomenon of religious identity within the framework of the philosophical and legal discourse. The two most common approaches to understanding religious identity are defined: The first approach considers the definition of religious identity as a category of religious consciousness, the content of which is the understanding of the relationship with ideas and values, it actualizes the general religious self-characteristics of an individual, that is, an individual attitude to the sacred, which can be expressed in a personal the attitude of a person regarding the supernatural features of individual symbols. Therefore, this attitude can be actualized by the definition: "I am a believer"; the second approach considers religious identity as a form of belonging to a certain religion or a specific religious community, the individual's belonging to a religious organization is formed. Hence, religious identity defines a specific form of religiosity and is actualized as a confessional identity, which can be formulated in the definitions: "I am a Catholic Christian", "I am a Buddhist", "I am a Muslim", etc. It was found that religious identity is a socio-psychological construct that outlines the unity of a religious organization, which is achieved by the intersubjective orientation of community members to a common idealized set of symbols that actualize the essence of ontological, axiological and ethical regulations of a religious organization and are reproduced thanks to common sacred practices . Identity, as an attribute, is an individual's belonging to a certain social integrity - a religious community. From the standpoint of constructivism, religious identity is one of the social constructs that emerges in the process of subjective reflection and active construction of religious reality by an individual on the basis of social categorization. Hence, the cultural unity of religion as such (religious direction, confessional group, cult) is not its primary characteristic, but the result and meaning of existence.
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