Treatment of animals with fatty liver disease using a drug based on the seeds of Silybum marianum

Medicinal plants are a source of various therapeutic preparations. Therefore, the aim of our work was to prepare a liposomal drug from extract from the seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., adding tocopherol acetate, lecithin, squalene, and Tween 80. The drug was used on the laboratory animals (rats) intramuscularly to measure the efficacy of treatment of experimentally modeled toxic fatty liver disease. The fatty infiltration of the liver in the rats was caused by tetrachloromethane (ССl4). The efficacy of the liposomal drug based on the extract from S. marianum seeds was studied on 25 animals in which the liver pathology had been caused by 50% oil solution of ССl4, administered in the dose of 5 mL per kg of body weight. The diseased rats were divided into five groups, each consisting five animals. Animals of the four experimental groups – first, second, third, and fourth - received the drug intramuscularly in the doses of 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.50 mL/kg of body weight three times every two days, respectively. At the same time, the control rats received three-time intramuscular injection of physiological solution in the dose of 0.5 mL/kg of body weight. Treatment of the animals with fatty liver disease by injections of the drug based on the extract from S. marianum seeds normalized the general condition, significantly improved the functions and structure of the liver. Biochemical studies of blood serum of the sick animals after the treatment revealed increase in albumin content, which may suggest reduction of the protein-synthesizing function of the liver. The normalization of the bile-forming and bile-excreting functions of the liver, and also elimination of cholestasis were evidenced by reduced contents of bile acids and total bilirubin and increased total cholesterol in the blood serum of the rats. After treating the animals with the created drug, we saw decrease in the activity of the liver-indicator enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase) in the blood serum, which is a sign of recovery of the structure of hepatocytes and elimination of cytolysis. Histological studies of the liver of the treated rats confirmed the positive effect of the liposomal drug on the organ’s structure. In the future studies, we plan to test this combination of agents in treatment of agricultural and domestic animals with liver pathologies.