老龄化社会中的虚弱综合征

Magdalena Lamch, Adrianna Nieciecka, Julia Tomys-Składowska, M. Jabłońska, Natalia Błasik, Marta Janiszewska, Agata Wójcik-Kula
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 引言:随着社会老龄化的加剧,关注 60 岁以上老年人的需求显得尤为重要。在老年群体最常见的疾病中,认知功能障碍、抑郁症、尿失禁、肌肉疏松症和虚弱综合征是最突出的,它们统称为老年综合征。本综述旨在讨论虚弱综合征现象,同时考虑其病因、流行病学、诊断标准和治疗方案。材料和方法:本文概述了 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库中的出版物。研究结果虚弱综合征被定义为一种多病因医学综合征,会增加丧失独立性和/或死亡的风险。有关这一现象发生率的数据仍不一致。慢性炎症、氧化应激、肌肉疏松症、维生素 D3 缺乏以及孤独等社会因素在发病机制中起着重要作用。最重要的症状之一是肌肉疏松症,表现为力量和肌肉量减少,导致运动减慢、运动耐受力降低或感觉虚弱。此外,还可能伴有凝血功能异常、贫血、营养不良或情感障碍。目前已开发出许多用于诊断虚弱综合征的量表,从而实现诊断过程的个体化。体育锻炼和饮食在预防和治疗过程中起着关键作用。结论:人口老龄化无疑是现代医学面临的一项挑战,也是导致虚弱综合征更频繁发生的原因之一。其发病机理十分复杂,但通过对风险因素的了解,可以筛选出一组应仔细监测的患者。由于诊断上的困难,包括根据年龄调整体育锻炼、饮食和有效治疗慢性疾病在内的预防措施发挥着重要作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Frailty syndrome in aging society
Abstract Introduction: In the face of the progressive aging of society, focusing on the needs of people over 60 years old seems to be of particular importance. Among the most common diseases of the geriatric population, cognitive dysfunction, depression, urinary incontinence, sarcopenia and frailty syndrome are distinguished, which are collectively referred to as geriatric syndromes. The aim of this review is to discuss the phenomenon of frailty syndrome, taking into account its etiology, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Materials and methods: This article contains an overview of publications from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: Frailty syndrome is defined as a multi-causal medical syndrome that increases the risk of loss of independence and/or death. Data on the incidence of this phenomenon remain inconsistent. An important role in pathogenesis is played by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, sarcopenia and vitamin D3 deficiency, but also social aspects such as loneliness. One of the most important symptoms is sarcopenia, which is manifested by the loss of strength and muscle mass, leading to motor slowdown, reduced exercise tolerance or a feeling of weakness. It may also be accompanied by abnormal coagulation, anemia, malnutrition or affective disorders. Numerous scales have been developed that are used to diagnose frailty syndrome, enabling the individualization of the diagnostic process. Physical activity and diet play a key role in the process of prevention and treatment. Conclusions: Population aging is an unquestionable challenge for modern medicine and contributes to the more frequent occurrence of frailty syndrome. Its pathogenesis is complex, but the knowledge of risk factors allows it to select a group of patients who should be carefully monitored. Due to diagnostic difficulties, prophylaxis including age-adjusted physical activity, diet and effective treatment of chronic diseases plays an important role.
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