Synthesis and Characterization of BaO-Enhanced Therm500 Nanofluids

In this study, we enhance the thermal conductivity of the conventional heat transfer fluid Therm500 by incorporating BaO nanoparticles. BaO:Therm500 nanofluids are synthesized and characterized at various concentrations (ranging from 0.001 to 0.006 g) and temperatures (300 K, 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K). The investigation includes the use of FT-IR spectroscopy to analyze the interaction between BaO nanoparticles and Therm500. Our findings indicate that there is no significant particle-fluid interaction. The enhanced thermal conductivity observed in BaO:Therm500 nanofluids is attributed to multiple factors. As the temperature increases, the viscosity of the nanofluid decreases, resulting in increased Brownian motion of nanoparticles and convective-like effects, ultimately leading to improved thermal conductivity. Additionally, we report the acoustic properties of BaO-Enhanced Therm500 nanofluids at the same four temperatures (300 K, 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K). Density, refractive index, and ultrasonic velocity measurements are performed for six different molar concentrations of BaO nanofluids (0.001 g, 0.002 g, 0.003 g, 0.004 g, 0.005 g, and 0.006 g). Subsequently, various acoustical parameters, such as adiabatic compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (Lf ), specific acoustic impedance (Z), Rao’s constant (R), molar compressibility (W), viscous relaxation time (τ), free volume (Vf ), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and internal pressure (πi), are calculated. These acoustical characteristics are utilized to investigate molecular interactions within the nanofluid system. The study reveals a non-linear relationship between ultrasonic velocity and particle concentration, which is attributed to weak particle-fluid interactions. These findings provide valuable insights into the preparation and characterization of BaO-enhanced Therm500 nanofluids and their potential applications in heat transfer systems.