精氨酸 - 生物作用、生物合成和乳清消费

O. O. Korytko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章概述了有关半必需氨基酸 L-精氨酸(Arg)的实际信息。L- 精氨酸被列为鸟类、食肉动物和幼年哺乳动物的必需氨基酸,以及成年人的条件必需氨基酸。L- 精氨酸在动植物体内的新陈代谢中起着非常重要的作用。它可与氨基酸脯氨酸和谷氨酸相互转化,也是大量重要代谢物的前体。它是合成蛋白质、L-鸟氨酸、多胺、γ-氨基丁酸、肌酸和尿素等重要生物分子的前体。L- 精氨酸的主要作用是作为合成一氧化氮(NO)的前体,一氧化氮是一种自由基分子,在所有哺乳动物细胞中通过 NO 合成酶从 L- 精氨酸中合成。NO 似乎是内皮源性松弛因子的一种主要形式。因此,L-精氨酸在血管系统中扮演着特殊的角色,它是内源性一氧化氮的来源,而一氧化氮是血管扩张剂。在预防和治疗代谢性疾病时,适当使用 L-精氨酸补充剂。由于它能放松血管平滑肌,因此能参与调节血管张力。精氨酸作为一种药物可以改善心血管系统的功能。精氨酸存在于动植物食物和海产品中。精氨酸在动物饲养、美容、医疗等领域有着广泛而多样的应用。近年来,精氨酸的产量不断增加。L- 精氨酸是通过水解蛋白质、化学合成和微生物合成获得的。微生物合成 L-精氨酸最有前景,也最具经济优势。 现代微生物技术使用单一底物和混合底物。细菌可以合成全部 20 种蛋白质氨基酸,包括哺乳动物生长所需的 9 种必需氨基酸。一般来说,参与氨基酸生物合成的酶是细菌生长和生存所必需的。泥炭引起了极大的科学兴趣。泥炭是共生微生物生长的天然培养基,与其他类型的天然原料相比具有优势。我们利用一种无机含硫化合物获得了一种泥炭基生物基质。生物基质堆肥后,精氨酸和其他一些氨基酸苷的含量有所增加。这种生物基质被用作肉鸡的饲料添加剂。在饲料添加剂的作用下,肉鸡体内的新陈代谢、生长和活重增加都得到了改善。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Аrginine – biological role, biosynthesis and whey consumption
The article summarizes actual information about L-arginine (Arg), which is the semi-essential amino acid. L-arginine is classified as an essential amino acid for birds, carnivores and young mammals and a conditionally essential amino acid for adults. L-arginine plays very important role in the plant and animal body metabolism. It metabolically interconvertible with the amino acids proline and glutamate and also is the precursor of a large number of crucial metabolites. It is serves as a precursor for synthesis of molecules of great biological importance, including proteins, L-ornithine, polyamines, agmatine, creatine and urea, which is important in the urea cycle. The main importance of L-arginine is attributed to its role as a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule that is synthesized in all mammalian cells from L-arginine by NO synthase. NO appears to be a major form of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor. So, L−arginine plays a special role in vascular system, where it is a source of endogenous nitric oxide, which is blood vessels dilator. The use of supplements with L-arginine is appropriate in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Thanks to relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, it takes part in regulation of blood vessels tone. Treatment by arginine as a medicine improves functions of cardiovascular system. L-Аrginine there is in plant and animal food and in seafood. L-arginine has a wide and varied application such as animal feeding, cosmetology, medical field. In recent years arginine production has been increasing. L−Arginine is obtained by hydrolysis of proteins, with the help of chemical and microbiological synthesis. Microbiological synthesis of L-arginine is the most promising and economically advantageous.  Modern microbial technologies use monosubstrates and mixed substrates. Bacteria can synthesize all 20 proteinogenic amino acids, including the nine essential amino acids required for mammalian growth. In general, enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids are essential for the growth and survival of bacteria. Peat cause great scientific interest. Peat is a natural media for growing symbiotic microorganisms, and has advantages over other types of natural feedstocks. We obtained a peat-based bio-substrate using an inorganic sulfur-containing compound. As a result of bio-substrate composting the content arginine and some other amino asides increased. This bio-substrate was used in resіaches as a feed additive for broiler chickens. Under the action of the feed additive the metabolism in the body of chісkens, growth and live weight gain improved.
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