Association of DGAT1 with goat milk and meat production traits

Genetic factors can influence the composition of milk fat and its genetic variation. The purpose of our work was to familiarize and study the structure, role, and influence of the DGAT1 (or diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 1) gene on goat milk production, its structure, and relationship with milk fat for further research in improving the goat selection system. The selection of goats, aimed at increasing the frequency of alleles with a positive effect on this trait, was initiated by geneticists. In general, identifying and evaluating genetic markers for milk performance traits are the initial and crucial steps for establishing a marker-assisted selection system (MAS). Thus, increasing productivity through genetic selection is a common goal for many animal breeding programs worldwide. The amount of milk, milk fat, and proteins are essential features of dairy farming. In cheese production, milk fatty acids perform a crucial technical function, as they are the main building blocks of milk fat, giving the cheese its unique taste and textural properties. Milk fatty acids are necessary for producing many dairy products, while intramuscular fat is associated with meat quality. Triacylglycerols (TAG) are the main components of intramuscular fat and milk fat. Therefore, understanding polymorphisms and genes related to fat synthesis is essential for animal husbandry. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes associated with milk production traits has been supported by various studies over the past decade. It was established that QTL genes on chromosomes 14, 15, and 9 are related to the properties of milk and meat production in goats. The presence of the diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene in goat chromosomes 14, 15, and 9 has been reported. Having a key role in fat metabolism and TAG synthesis, DGAT1 genes have attracted considerable attention, especially in animal milk production. Several polymorphisms have been documented in DGAT1 in different animal species, including many cattle and small cattle, for their association with milk production traits. The critical role of the DGAT1 gene in milk fat metabolism makes it an exciting candidate for genetic variation in milk characteristics in dairy goats.