COMPOSITIONAL FEATURES AND FORM-CREATIVE BASIS OF LENINGRAD CONSTRUCTIVISM ARCHITECTURE

The article examines the compositional features and methods of shaping the architecture of the 1920s – 1930s using the example of the Leningrad architectural heritage of constructivism. We are talking about the following objects: Levashovsky Bakery Plant and the Moscow District Council, the Kirov District Council and the Palace of Culture named after Gaza I.I., the Palace of Culture named after S.M. Kirov and the Ligovsky Bath and Laundry Plant. In the study, the objects of Leningrad constructivism were analyzed comprehensively: historical information was given, a situational plan was drawn up, archival photographs were presented, and a compositional analysis was carried out, including the author's graphics, illustrating the process of shaping each object. The materials collected by the authors as a result of the study are classified and grouped into a summary table of techniques for shaping the architecture of Leningrad constructivism, demonstrating the similarities and differences of characteristic architectural solutions. The data obtained as a result of the analysis illustrate the compositional features of the objects of the Leningrad avant-garde and reveal the main techniques of shaping characteristic of the architecture of that period. As a result of the study, three main types of volumetric-spatial compositions were identified, characteristic of the architectural solutions of Leningrad avant-garde objects: type 1 - a combination of a cylinder and a parallelepiped, type 2 - buildings with semi-cylindrical projections, type 3 - buildings with a symmetrical entrance solution.