顿巴斯地区接种土拉菌疫苗的免疫和流行病学效果

O. A. Trunova, L. V. Skrypka, A. Bagriy, E. V. Prochorov, N. Reznichenko
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摘要

目的:评估 1991 年至今顿巴斯地区接种土拉菌疫苗的流行病学和免疫学效果。材料与方法:分析了土拉菌病发病率、人口免疫覆盖率、土拉菌抗原皮内试验结果、凝集反应和间接血凝反应等数据。结果:自 2012 年起,共和国境内不再进行土拉菌病免疫接种。自2015年以来,这种做法导致出现了多例人类土拉菌病病例的病灶。在 Novoazovsky 区和 Yasinovatsky 区的自然疫源地出现了病例。自 2017 年以来,恢复了对疫区居民的免疫接种,以区别对待的方式规划和选择接种疫苗的特遣队。根据疫情迹象,从可能感染土拉菌病的人群中为 400 人接种了疫苗。2020 年至 2022 年没有进行疫苗接种。结论:顿涅茨克地区 70 年来一直使用土拉菌病疫苗,从而遏制了土拉菌病的蔓延,证明了特异性免疫预防在流行病学和免疫学方面的有效性。武装冲突和疫苗接种的停止导致动物自然疫点的流行过程更加活跃,人类的土拉菌病发病率显著增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of tularemia vaccination in the Donbass region
Objective: to evaluate the epidemiological and immunological efficacy of tularemia vaccination in the Donbass region from 1991 to the present.Materials and methods: data on the incidence of tularemia, immunization coverage of the population, results of intradermal tests with tularin, agglutination reaction and indirect hemagglutination reaction with tularemia antigen were analyzed.Results: since 2012, immunization against tularemia has not been carried out on the territory of the republic. Since 2015, this approach has resulted in the emergence of foci with multiple cases of human tularemia. Cases were registered on the territory of natural foci of Novoazovsky and Yasinovatsky districts. Since 2017, immunization of the population in enzootic territories has been resumed, planning and selection of contingents to be vaccinated was carried out in a differentiated manner. According to epidemic indications, 400 people were vaccinated from among those at risk of contracting tularemia. In 2020– 2022 vaccination was not carried out. In the five months of 2023, 520 people were vaccinated against tularemia, 80 people were revaccinated.Conclusions: the use of tularemia vaccine in the Donetsk region for 70 years led to the containment of tularemia, demonstrating the epidemiological and immunological effectiveness of specific immunoprophylaxis. The armed conflict and the cessation of vaccination led to an increase in the activity of the epidemic process in natural foci among animals and a significant increase in the incidence of tularemia in humans.
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