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引用次数: 0
摘要
本文介绍了三种乌托邦式的改善收入不平等负面影响的尝试,其革命性不及莫尔和贝拉米。这三个乌托邦并没有取消货币或黄金,而是修改了现有的制度,目的是在不颠覆整个社会和经济结构的情况下,消除贫富两极分化。讨论包括西奥多-赫茨卡的《自由之地》(1891 年)、西奥多-赫茨尔的《新旧大陆》(1902 年):新旧大陆》(1902 年)和 H. G. 威尔斯的《现代乌托邦》(1905 年)。这三个乌托邦通过消除贫困和代际财富积累的根源,而不是通过经济拉平,以及通过强调每一代人的新起点,提供了潜在的解决方案。这一努力的主要工具是教育、全民医疗保健、基本收入安全网、财政透明度、没收遗产税和土地共同所有权。
Three Moderate Solutions to Income Inequality in Utopia: Hertzka, Herzl, and Wells
This article describes three utopian attempts to ameliorate the negative effects of income inequality that are less revolutionary than those of More and Bellamy. Rather than dispensing with money or gold, these three utopias modify existing institutions with the aim of lopping off the extremes of both wealth and poverty without upending the entire social and economic structure. Discussion includes Theodor Hertzka’s Freeland (1891), Theodor Herzl’s Altneuland: The Old New Land (1902), and H. G. Wells’s A Modern Utopia (1905). The three utopias provide potential solutions by undercutting causes of poverty and intergenerational wealth accumulation rather than by economic leveling, and by stressing a fresh start for each generation. The primary tools in this effort are education, universal healthcare, a safety net of basic income, fiscal transparency, confiscatory estate taxes, and common ownership of land.