Моdern heat and steam supply systems of industrial enterprises using deep utilization of the technological steam energy potential

Steam supply systems of industrial enterprises, as a type of heat supply system, are a large consumer of primary energy in national energy balances. In turn, due to the specificity of thermodynamic steam processes, steam supply systems of industrial enterprises in practice have significant unused potential of secondary energy resources (SEP). Modern steam supply systems should be built exclusively when evaluating their exergetic efficiency, which will make it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of such systems grossly in all elements of the life cycle of the project: energy, economic, ecological and even social. The article shows modernized thermal schemes of steam supply systems, for which it is possible to achieve additional electrical power at the level of 135-250 kW/(kg/s) when devices with a relative internal efficiency of up to 60-70 % are operating. In combination with an increase in the percentage of condensate return and the utilization of secondary energy resources (SRP), the increase in energy efficiency of the system is 2-4 %, and the absolute value of exergetic efficiency is 16-22 %, taking into account the exergetic efficiency of the boiler unit. Low-potential "tail" consumers: the heating system, the hot water supply system - increase the exergy efficiency of the steam supply system of an industrial enterprise by 0.2-0.6 % in the case of joining on the steam side of secondary boiling. Any processes of generating electrical energy are associated with obtaining a significant amount of thermal energy, and must be accompanied by its utilization; enterprises that use steam as an energy carrier (the same applies to energy enterprises such as thermal power plants and nuclear power plants) for the deep utilization of hydroelectric power plants must have thermal energy consumers in their composition, which can act as communal household consumers (if they exist), as well as new technological consumers of thermal energy.