基于人工智能技术的智能诊断系统开发

Ying Feng, Yongqin Wang
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摘要

智能诊断是智能医疗的一个重要场景,其中对话诊断场景最为常见。通过与用户对话收集症状信息,并根据症状推断疾病的过程。通过基于对话的诊断系统,可以满足居民的部分医疗问诊需求,从而将医生从一些基础问诊中解放出来,大大缓解医疗资源短缺的问题。在实际诊断过程中,患者报告的症状往往不足以支持准确诊断。这就需要通过对话询问用户是否还有其他症状,从而形成诊断结论。现有研究主要采用强化学习方法,逐步学习真实医疗场景中中医学生与患者的对话过程,获得症状询问和疾病诊断的策略。尽管强化学习在处理时态决策问题方面具有优势,但诊断准确率仍然较低,数据依赖性较强。本文提出了一种基于医疗对话诊断技术、医疗知识图谱技术和 "推理机 "技术的医疗对话机器人架构,以构建智能诊断架构。其次,在算法方面,本文提出了基于Naive Bayes分类的疾病诊断算法和基于症状集差异的症状筛选算法,用于症状查询过程,该算法通过模拟医生的问诊和诊断过程,增加了诊断结果的可解释性,并与医疗对话机器人架构相结合,实现了全程智能诊断。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Intelligent Diagnostic System Development based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Intelligent diagnosis is an important scenario in smart healthcare, with conversational diagnostic scenarios being the most common. The process of collecting symptom information through conversations with users and inferring diseases based on symptoms. Through a dialogue based diagnostic system, it can meet some of the medical consultation needs of residents, thereby freeing doctors from some basic consultations and greatly alleviating the shortage of medical resources. In the actual diagnosis process, the symptoms reported by patients are often insufficient to support accurate diagnosis. It is necessary to ask the user if they have any other symptoms through dialogue to form a diagnostic conclusion. Existing research mainly adopts reinforcement learning methods, which gradually learn the dialogue process between traditional Chinese medicine students and patients in real medical scenarios, and obtain strategies for symptom inquiry and disease diagnosis. Despite the advantages of reinforcement learning in dealing with temporal decision problems, the diagnostic accuracy is still low and data dependency is strong. In this article, a medical dialogue robot architecture based on medical dialogue diagnosis technology, medical knowledge graph technology, and "inference machine" technology is proposed to build an intelligent diagnosis architecture. Secondly, in terms of algorithm, this article proposes a disease diagnosis algorithm based on Naive Bayes Classification and a symptom screening algorithm based on symptom set differences for symptom query process, This algorithm increases the interpretability of diagnostic results by simulating the questioning and diagnostic process of doctors, and combines it with the medical dialogue robot architecture to achieve intelligent diagnosis throughout the entire process.
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