CIF 合同在货物销售和单证销售之间的地位

M. EmirCelik
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摘要

国际贸易的复杂性体现在 CIF(成本、保险费和运费)合同的复杂性上,它是货物销售和单据销售的交叉点。本文试图剖析单据和货物在 CIF 合同中扮演的关键角色,并确定这些合同是否更准确地被定义为单据销售而非货物销售。通过研究法律案例和剖析 CIF 合同相关方的合同义务,本研究旨在从国际法和贸易惯例的角度揭示这些合同的本质。 研究分为四个主要部分。首先,它分析了当事人的义务和 CIF 文件在货物销售中的作用。第二部分深入探讨了单据和货物对风险和财产转移的影响,探究了单据的关键主张。第三部分仔细研究了买方拒绝单据或货物的权利,以及哪一方面优先。第四部分评估了在途中签订的 CIF 合同本质上是 "单据销售 "的说法。 本研究最后就 CIF 合同的性质提出了论点,权衡了单据与货物本身的重要性。尽管在贸易中越来越倾向于使用单据来代表实物货物,但本文的结论是,CIF 合同本质上构成货物销售合同。本文强调了与拒绝单据或货物有关的独特权利,从而强化了在 CIF 合同中实际货物优先于其单据代表的地位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Status of CIF Contracts between the Sale of Goods and the Sale of Documents
The intricate nature of international trade is encapsulated in the complexities of CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) contracts, which stand at the intersection of the sale of goods and the sale of documents. This paper seeks to dissect the pivotal roles played by documents and goods within CIF contracts and to ascertain whether these contracts are more accurately defined as sales of documents rather than sales of goods. By examining legal cases and dissecting the contractual obligations of parties involved in CIF contracts, this study aims to shed light on the essence of these contracts in the context of international law and trade practices. The research is divided into four main parts. Initially, it analyzes the duties of parties and the role of CIF documents in the sale of goods. The second part delves into the implications of documents and goods concerning the transfer of risk and property, probing into the critical claim of documents. The third part scrutinizes the buyer's right to refuse the documents or the goods, and which aspect takes precedence. The fourth part evaluates the claim that CIF contracts made en route are essentially 'sales of documents'. This study culminates by presenting arguments on the nature of CIF contracts, weighing the significance of documents against the goods themselves. Despite the increasing tendency to use documents to represent physical goods in trade, this paper concludes that CIF contracts inherently constitute contracts for the sale of goods. It highlights the distinctive rights related to the rejection of either documents or goods, thereby reinforcing the primacy of the actual goods over their documentary representations in CIF contracts.
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