Difficulties in diagnosing moyamoya disease

Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral stenosis of the supraclinoid (proximal) part of the internal carotid arteries and the initial segments of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, with subsequent involvement of the vertebrobasilar basin and accompanied by the development of a basal network of anastomoses. The disease most often manifests itself at the age of 5 to 30–40 years, which makes this pathology an actual and significant cause of functional disorders in children and young people. Diagnosis of moyamoya disease can be difficult because of the polymorphism of its clinical manifestations. This disease must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of symptoms of cerebral ischemia, since early detection and therapeutic intervention can improve the prognosis by preventing irreversible brain damage. The article presents its own clinical observation of a 6-year-old child with moyamoya disease with a predominant lesion of the right internal carotid artery basin.