玉米、大豆和休耕地中的帕尔默苋（Amaranthus palmeri）在地下滴灌和中心支流灌溉系统下的蒸散量

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY

Weed Science Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI:10.1017/wsc.2023.57

Jasmine Mausbach, S. Irmak, M. Kukal, Kelsey Karnik, D. Sarangi, Amit J. Jhala

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引用次数: 0

摘要

帕尔默苋（Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson）是美国农艺种植系统中的主要生物制约因素。虽然作物-杂草竞争模型为了解和预测作物产量损失提供了有利工具，但在这些模型中，某些杂草的生物特征及其对环境的反应尚不清楚。这限制了人们对不同灌溉方法下杂草生长与作物竞争以及土壤水分竞争如何影响作物生长参数的了解。本研究测量了中心喷灌（CPI）和地下滴灌（SDI）对生长在玉米（Zea mays L.）、大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）和休耕地块中的棕榈蓟实际蒸散量（ET a）的影响。2019 年和 2020 年，在内布拉斯加州中南部，在 CPI 和 SDI 条件下，在玉米、大豆和休耕地子块的中间两行，每隔一米交替移栽 12 株 A. palmeri。玉米、大豆和休耕地中没有种植棕榈蓟马的地块也被纳入其中进行比较。土壤水分传感器分别安装在 0-0.30、0.30-0.60 和 0.60-0.90 米的土壤深度，紧邻每块子块中的三株棕榈蓟和作物植株或它们之间。从棕榈蓟移栽到作物收获，每小时记录一次土壤水分数据。结果表明，在 2019 年和 2020 年期间，不同季节（早季、中季、晚季）和作物类型的棕榈叶蒸腾速率存在差异。虽然灌溉类型不影响子地块的数据，但棕榈蓟的存在对这两年子地块的蒸散发有影响，这可能是由于物候期和管理措施的推进导致整个生长季土壤容积含水量（VWC）和蒸散发之间的关系变化所致。这项研究首次提供了有关棕榈蓟蒸腾作用及其与形态特征关系的重要基准数据和信息，可用于未来的作物-杂草竞争机理模型。

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Evapotranspiration of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in maize, soybean, and fallow under subsurface drip and center-pivot irrigation systems

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is a major biotic constraint in agronomic cropping systems in the United States. While crop-weed competition models offer a beneficial tool for understanding and predicting crop yield losses, within these models, certain weed biological characteristics and their response to the environment are unknown. This limits understanding of weed growth in competition with crops under different irrigation methods and how competition for soil moisture affects crop growth parameters. This research measured the effect of center-pivot irrigation (CPI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) on the actual evapotranspiration (ET a ) of A. palmeri grown in maize (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and fallow subplots. Twelve A. palmeri plants were alternately transplanted one meter apart in the middle two rows of maize, soybean, and fallow subplots under CPI and SDI in 2019 and 2020 in southcentral Nebraska. Maize, soybean, and fallow subplots without A. palmeri were included for comparison. Soil moisture sensors were installed at 0-0.30, 0.30-0.60, and 0.60-0.90-m soil depths next to or between three A. palmeri and crop plants in each subplot. Soil moisture data were recorded hourly from the time of A. palmeri transplanting to crop harvest. The results indicate differences in A. palmeri ET a between time of season (early-, mid-, late-season) and crop type across 2019 and 2020. Although irrigation type did not affect subplot data, the presence of A. palmeri had an impact on subplot ET a across both years, which can be attributed to the variable relationship between volumetric soil water content (VWC) and ET a throughout the growing season due to advancing phenological stages and management practices. This study provides important and firstly established baseline data and information about A. palmeri evapotranspiration and its relation to morphological features for future use in mechanistic crop-weed competition models.

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来源期刊

Weed Science 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

12.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Weed Science publishes original research and scholarship in the form of peer-reviewed articles focused on fundamental research directly related to all aspects of weed science in agricultural systems. Topics for Weed Science include: - the biology and ecology of weeds in agricultural, forestry, aquatic, turf, recreational, rights-of-way and other settings, genetics of weeds - herbicide resistance, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology and molecular action of herbicides and plant growth regulators used to manage undesirable vegetation - ecology of cropping and other agricultural systems as they relate to weed management - biological and ecological aspects of weed control tools including biological agents, and herbicide resistant crops - effect of weed management on soil, air and water.