从人类学和社会文化角度看职业压力

María de las Nieves Veloz Montano
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摘要

本文从人类学和社会文化的角度探讨生物医学领域的职业压力问题。无论是在普通人的思维中,还是在卫生专业人员的思维中,压力都被定性为由担忧、恐惧、焦虑和不安引起的身体和情绪上的不适。研究人员将职业压力与信息技术的快速发展、经济和社会危机以及工作条件的变化联系起来。此外,医学人类学也为有关人格和病理学中的遗传和文化因素,以及文化对正常和病理定义的影响的讨论做出了贡献。文章强调了在分析职业压力时同时考虑物理环境和社会文化环境的重要性。企业当局关注的是工人的个性和应对方式,而工人关注的是工作条件和工作组织。文章指出,压力是一种生理、情感、社会和道德方面的不适,其根源和后果是结构性的,其表现形式也因人而异。文章还强调,预防与工作有关的压力必须从关系的角度出发,涉及不同层次和层面(生物、社会、文化、经济、历史和意识形态)的知识和实践。最后,文章强调,疾病在人口中的分布并不是随机的,而是与社会结构和个人在其中的地位有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Anthropological and sociocultural perspective of occupational stress
This article addresses the issue of occupational stress from an anthropological and sociocultural perspective in the field of biomedicine. Stress, in both common thinking and that of health professionals, has been characterized as physical and emotional discomforts caused by worries, fears, anxieties, and anxieties. Researchers have linked occupational stress to the rapid evolution of information technology, economic and social crises, and changes in working conditions. In addition, medical anthropology has contributed to the debate on genetic and cultural factors in personality and pathology, as well as the influence of culture in defining normal and pathological. The article highlights the importance of considering both the physical and sociocultural environment in the analysis of occupational stress. While business authorities focus on the personality and coping of workers, workers are concerned with working conditions and work organization. It is pointed out that stress is a physical, emotional, social and moral discomfort, whose origins and consequences are structural and whose expression varies from person to person. The article also stresses that the prevention of work-related stress must be based on a relational perspective involving knowledge and practices of different orders and dimensions (biological, social, cultural, economic, historical and ideological). Finally, it is emphasized that diseases are not randomly distributed in the population, but are related to the social structure and the position of individuals in it.
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