Enhanced control strategy and energy management for a photovoltaic system with hybrid energy storage based on self-adaptive bonobo optimization

Large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) that can react quickly to energy fluctuations and store excess energy are required to increase the reliability of electricity grids that rely heavily on renewable energy sources (RESs). Hybrid systems, which combine different energy storage technologies such as batteries and supercapacitors, are becoming increasingly popular because no single technology can satisfy all requirements. In this study, a supercapacitor is used to stabilize quickly shifting bursts of power, while a battery is used to stabilize gradually fluctuating power flow. This paper proposes a robust controller for managing the direct current (DC) bus voltage to optimize the performance of ESS. The proposed controller combines a fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) with a classical PI controller for the first time in the DC microgrid area. The hybrid (FOPI-PI) controller achieves an outstanding and superior performance in all transient and dynamic response specifications compared to other traditional controllers. The parameters of the suggested controller are incorporated with the self-adaptive bonobo optimizer (SaBO) to determine the optimal values. Furthermore, various optimization techniques are applied to the model and the SaBO’s output outperforms other techniques by minimizing the best objective function. In addition, the current study has utilized a novel power management strategy that includes two closed current loops for both batteries and supercapacitors. By using this method, batteries’ lifespans may be increased while still retaining optimal system performance. The suggested controller is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink 2022b, and the outcomes are reported for several case studies. The findings demonstrate that the control technique remarkably improves the transient response, such as transient duration, overshoot/undershoot, and the settling time. The proposed controller (FOPI-PI) with the SaBO optimizer is effective in maintaining the DC bus voltage under load and solar system variation.