Real-World Data on Treatment Outcome of ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer from an Indian Multicentric Cancer Registry

Abstract Lalatendu Moharana The Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (ALKi) represent the standard of care for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EML4-ALK rearrangements. Various ALKi agents are available; however, not all eligible patients receive treatment with them due to various reasons. Given the limited real-world data available in our country, we aimed to assess treatment outcomes through a multicenter collaboration. This retrospective, multi-institutional study was conducted under the Network of Oncology Clinical Trials India and included a total of 67 ALK-positive metastatic lung cancer patients from 10 institutes across India, with a median follow-up of 23 months. In the first line setting, the objective response rate (ORR) with ALKi was 63.6% (crizotinib: 60.7%, ceritinib: 70%, alectinib: 66.6%, p  = 0.508), while with chemotherapy, it was 26.1%. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) for the first line ALKi group was significantly higher than that for chemotherapy (19 vs. 9 months, p  = 0.00, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.54). The mPFS for crizotinib, alectinib, and ceritinib was 17, 22, and 19 months, respectively ( p  = 0.48). Patients who received ALKi upfront or after 1 to 3 cycles of chemotherapy or after 4 or more cycles of chemotherapy had mPFS of 16, 22, and 23 months, respectively ( p  = 0.47). ALKi showed superior mPFS compared to chemotherapy in the second line (14 vs. 5 months; p  = 0.002) and the third line (20 vs. 4 months; p  = 0.009). The median overall survival (OS) was significantly better in patients who received ALKi in any line of therapy (44 vs. 14 months, p  < 0.001, HR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.04–0.23). Brain progression was higher among those who did not receive ALKi (69.2 vs. 31.5%). In conclusion, the use of ALKi as first line treatment for ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC patients resulted in improved PFS. PFS and ORR did not significantly differ between patients who received ALKi upfront or after initiating chemotherapy. Notably, patients who received ALKi in second or later lines demonstrated significantly better outcomes compared to those receiving chemotherapy. The use of ALKi in any line of therapy was associated with significantly prolonged OS.