在索罗蒂地区转诊医院就医的艾滋病毒抗体阳性患者中严重抑郁和污名化的发生率及相关因素

Stephen Oluka
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摘要

抑郁症在艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者(PLWHA)中的发病率明显更高,是普通人群的三倍。据报道,在乌干达,艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者中抑郁障碍的发病率介于 20% 和 40% 之间,其中约 34% 的人受到污名化的影响。本研究旨在估算在索罗蒂地区转诊医院(Soroti Regional Referral Hospital,SRRH)抗逆转录病毒疗法门诊就诊的 HIV 阳性患者中重度抑郁症和污名化的患病率,并确定与之相关的因素。该研究是一项以医院为基础的横断面描述性研究,采用简单随机抽样技术,选取了 138 名年龄在 18 岁及以上、已确诊感染艾滋病毒并在索罗蒂地区转诊医院抗逆转录病毒疗法门诊就诊的患者。危重病人或住院病人被排除在研究之外。大多数受访者为女性(60.9%),年龄在 31 岁至 45 岁之间(45.7%),受过小学教育(54%)。研究发现,重度抑郁发作在 PLWHA 中的流行率为 16.7%,56.5% 的 PLWHA 复发性重度抑郁发作。在耻辱感方面,轻微、轻度和中度耻辱感的发生率分别为 65.2%、29% 和 5.8%。据统计,男性、离婚或丧偶、失业或从事农民工作等因素与任何形式的重度抑郁发作都有关联。此外,最近开始接受抗逆转录病毒疗法与该人群的耻辱感有关。研究结果表明,重度抑郁和污名化在 PLWHA 患者中频繁发生,这受到婚姻状况变化、最近开始接受抗逆转录病毒疗法以及就业机会有限等因素的影响。研究建议提供制度化和个性化的咨询、成立社会或同伴支持小组、开展有关 PLWHA 重度抑郁和污名化的社区教育活动,并定期对患者进行随访,以降低重度抑郁和污名化在这一弱势群体中的发生率和流行率。关键词:流行、抑郁、污名化、艾滋病毒
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Incidence and Correlates of Severe Depression and Stigmatization among HIVPositive Patients Seeking Care at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital
Depressive disorders are notably more prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), occurring at rates three times higher than in the general population. In Uganda, the reported prevalence of depressive disorders among PLWHA ranges between 20% and 40%, with stigma affecting about 34% of this demographic. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with major depression and stigma among HIV-positive patients attending the ART clinic at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). Conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study, the research utilized a simple random sampling technique to select 138 participants aged 18 years and older, already diagnosed with HIV and attending the SRRH ART clinic. Critically ill or admitted individuals were excluded from the study. The majority of respondents were female (60.9%), aged between 31 and 45 years (45.7%), and had attained primary school education (54%). The study found a 16.7% prevalence of current major depressive episodes among PLWHA, with 56.5% experiencing recurrent major depressive episodes. Regarding stigma, the prevalence of minimal, mild, and moderate stigma was 65.2%, 29%, and 5.8%, respectively. Factors such as male gender, being divorced or widowed, and being unemployed or engaged in peasant work were statistically associated with any form of major depressive episode. Additionally, recent initiation of ART was linked to stigma among this population. The findings underscored the frequent occurrence of major depression and stigma among PLWHA, which were influenced by factors such as changes in marital status, recent ART initiation, and limited employment opportunities. The study recommended institutionalized and personalized counseling, the formation of social or peer support groups, community education initiatives regarding major depression and stigma among PLWHA, and regular patient follow-ups to mitigate the incidence and prevalence of major depression and stigma in this vulnerable segment of the population. Keywords: prevalence, depression, stigma, HIV
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