青少年接触酒精和尼古丁会改变成年人对饮酒的反应

S. Hauser, R. A. Waeiss, G. Deehan, E. Engleman, Richard L. Bell, Z. Rodd
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引用次数: 0

摘要

青春期到青年期是神经元发育和成熟的独特时期。许多因素都会改变这一过程,导致长期的神经和生物学后果。临床文献经常报道,青春期饮酒会增加成年后成瘾的倾向,包括酒精使用障碍(AUD)。临床和人类临床前青少年酒精研究的一个普遍局限是,青少年时期同时/滥用一种以上药物的比例很高,例如同时/滥用酒精和尼古丁。基础研究的一个主要目标是阐明青春期酒精暴露/消费所产生的神经适应,这种适应会促进成年后的酒精和其他药物自我管理。长期目标是开发药物疗法,预防或改善这些神经适应。本综述将重点探讨青少年时期接触酒精和尼古丁对成年后酒精消费的影响、间叶多巴胺能系统的超敏性,以及成年后不仅对酒精而且对尼古丁的增强反应。同样,长期目标是确定潜在的胆碱能药物,以预防或改善青春期酗酒的后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Adolescent alcohol and nicotine exposure alters the adult response to alcohol use
Adolescence through young adulthood is a unique period of neuronal development and maturation. Numerous agents can alter this process, resulting in long-term neurological and biological consequences. In the clinical literature, it is frequently reported that adolescent alcohol consumption increases the propensity to develop addictions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD), during adulthood. A general limitation of both clinical and human pre-clinical adolescent alcohol research is the high rate of co-using/abusing more than one drug during adolescence, such as co-using/abusing alcohol with nicotine. A primary goal of basic research is elucidating neuroadaptations produced by adolescent alcohol exposure/consumption that promote alcohol and other drug self-administration in adulthood. The long-term goal is to develop pharmacotherapeutics for the prevention or amelioration of these neuroadaptations. This review will focus on studies that have examined the effects of adolescent alcohol and nicotine exposure on adult alcohol consumption, the hypersensitivity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, and enhanced responses not only to alcohol but also to nicotine during adulthood. Again, the long-term goal is to identify potential cholinergic agents to prevent or ameliorate the consequences of, peri-adolescent alcohol abuse.
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