利用 CSST 小行星观测数据确定小行星质量的模拟研究

Fan Li, Ye Yuan, Yan-Fei Fu, Jian Chen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是探索中国空间站望远镜(CSST)在小行星与小行星近距离相遇时进行小行星质量测定的潜力。预计中国空间站望远镜对一些小行星的观测精度可达几毫秒,其 g 和 r 波段的极限星等为 26(AB 等)或更高。通过将 CSST 观测与现有的地面观测相结合,可以显著提高小行星质量的精确度。为了量化 CSST 在确定小行星质量方面的能力,进行了三种类型的模拟。在 A 类模拟中,假定 CSST 观测小行星的频率与 Gaia 的频率相似,考虑了 58 次与现有 Gaia DR2 观测数据的近距离碰撞。使用模拟的 CSST 观测数据后,小行星质量的精确度得到了大幅提高。在七个事件中,确定的精度优于 5%。B类模拟是根据CSST的暂定光学巡天计划进行的,但由于观测小行星的机会有限,在近距离相遇时会受到待定质量的强烈扰动。因此,虽然 CSST 数据带来的改进是显而易见的,但质量测定的精度却很低。这意味着 CSST 必须进行专门的观测才能提供高精度的质量。C 类模拟是利用 CSST 的少量观测时间进行的,具体到一次强相遇,以相遇时间为中心,共进行了 144 次观测,时间跨度为 3 年,总计约 7.2 个观测小时。在这种情况下,CSST 可以确定一些小行星的质量,其中 10 个小行星的精度预计优于 10%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Simulation study of asteroid mass determination using CSST asteroid observations
The objective of this study is to explore the potential of the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) in asteroid mass determination with asteroid-asteroid close encounters. The CSST is expected to observe some asteroids with an accuracy of several milliarcseconds and has a limiting magnitude of 26 (AB mag) or higher in the g and r bands. By combining CSST observations with existing ground-based observations, significant improvements in asteroid mass precision can be achieved. To quantify the CSST’s capability in asteroid mass determination, three types of simulations are conducted. In Type A simulation, 58 close encounters with available Gaia DR2 observations were considered, assuming CSST observes asteroids at a frequency similar to Gaia’s. After using the simulated CSST observations, asteroid mass precision is improved substantially. In seven events, the determined precision are better than 5%. Type B simulation is performed based on a tentative optical survey plan of CSST, but the limited opportunities to observe asteroids involved in a close encounter with strong perturbation from to-be-determined masses. As a result, the precision of mass determination is low, though the improvement brought by CSST data is obvious. This implies that the dedicated observations are necessary for CSST to contribute masses with high precision. Type C simulation is performed with a small amount of CSST observing time, to be specific for a strong encounter, 144 observations spanning 3 years centered at the encounter time, totaling about 7.2 observation hours. In this case, CSST can determine a number of asteroid masses, of which 10 asteroid’s precision are expected to be better than 10%.
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