Evaluation of risk factors affecting the lifespan and efficiency of dialysis accesses installed in dialysis patients referees to Ahvaz therapeutic centers in a two-year cohort study

Introduction: It is crucial in order to provide optimal hemodialysis to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to establish venous access with the least amount of complications. Objectives: In this study, we examined the risk factors that affect the efficiency and longevity of dialysis access for patients receiving dialysis in Ahvaz medical centers. Patients and Methods: In our retrospective study, 180 hemodialysis patients were referred to the Golestan educational and medical center in Ahvaz, Iran. An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or catheter was conducted to provide them with vascular access. Detailed demographic information about the patient was collected, including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), cause of ESRD, duration of renal failure, duration of dialysis, and comorbidities. There were instances of access inefficiency as a result of infection, stenosis, closure, thrombosis, bleeding, and pseudoaneurysms. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, t test, and chi-square tests with SPSS version 22. Statistics were considered significant at a P value of 0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.08 ± 12.213 years, and the mean BMI was 27.90 ± 9.112 kg/m2 . Among dialysis patients, there was a significant relationship between male gender, clopidogrel administration, diabetes history, hypertension and access failure. It is estimated that 36.7% of vascular access failures are caused by thrombosis, while 32.8% are due to access stenosis or closure. Conclusion: Our study showed that male gender, clopidogrel administration, and a history of diabetes and hypertension were risk factors affecting dialysis access quality and efficiency. According to our study, it may be possible to develop a more appropriate approach for determining the type and location of dialysis access.