档案中的边界:爱尔兰庇护和难民认定数字档案调查

Sasha Brown
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摘要

创建边界和边境地区是当代国家的一个关键角色。本文通过对决定爱尔兰庇护和难民申请的爱尔兰国家边界综合体的调查,说明了单个国家人员的行动以及国家机构的实践文化在边界和国家治理中的重要性。在研究国家的学术基础上,我将国家治理视为实践文化,并在女性主义地缘政治框架内加以理解。对这些实践文化的研究揭示了国家机构和国家人员生产知识的方式,以及他们如何在复杂的社会和政治地理的权力几何中工作。我采用档案人种学方法调查了爱尔兰的庇护决定程序,接触了爱尔兰难民上诉决定的在线档案。本文展示了这一相遇的结果之一:一个已出版的数据库,其中记录了难民上诉法庭和个别法庭成员对爱尔兰寻求庇护者做出庇护决定的模式和做法。我认为这种方法:(1) 解决了寻求庇护者和法律代表提出的对法庭成员实践的系统性证据的实际需求;(2) 调查了爱尔兰国家庇护综合体中决策机构的实践文化;(3) 显示了庇护决策档案在国家边界和国策实践中的重要性。分析表明,庇护决定文化在很大程度上取决于谁在做决定,指定的决策者是庇护申请结果的主要因素。我还提出了一个框架,以确定作为嵌入国家内部的团体和个人的集体项目的国策和接壤;这一框架为接壤以及个人和团体在庇护决定过程中实施国策的方式提供了富有成效的系统证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bordering in the archives: An investigation into a digital archive of the Irish asylum and refugee determination
Creating borders and borderlands is a key role of the contemporary state. Drawing on an investigation of the Irish state bordering complex determining asylum and refugee claims in Ireland, this article illustrates the importance of the actions of individual state agents and the cultures of practice in state agencies in bordering and statecraft. Building on scholarship studying the state, I conceive of statecraft as cultures of practices, understood within a feminist geopolitical framework. Studying these cultures of practice reveals the ways state agencies and state agents produce knowledge and how they work within complex power-geometries of social and political geographies. I investigate the Irish asylum determination process using an archival ethnography methodology to encounter an online archive of refugee appeals decisions in Ireland. This article shows one result of this encounter: a published database of asylum decision patterns and practices of the refugee appeals tribunals and of individual Tribunal members issuing decisions to people seeking asylum in Ireland. I argue this approach: (1) addresses real needs for systematic evidence of practice of Tribunal members, as requested by asylum seekers and legal representatives; (2) investigates cultures of practice in decision-making bodies in the asylum complex of the Irish state; (3) and shows the importance of archives of asylum decision-making in the state practice of bordering and statecraft. Analysis shows an asylum determination culture heavily dependent on who is doing the deciding, the decision-maker assigned is a major element in outcomes of asylum claims. I also propose a framework for identifying statecraft and bordering as the collective project of groups and individuals embedded within the state; this framework provides productive and systematic evidence of bordering and the ways individuals and groups go about doing statecraft in the asylum determination process.
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