Functioning of regional banks in the modern regulatory environment: experience of the USA, Germany, India and China

The article analyzes the essence of the concept of "regional bank" and the principles of their functioning, examines the modern experience of foreign regional banks in federal countries (USA, Germany and India) and in unitary states (mainly on the example of China), taking into account the regulatory environment that has developed in these countries, including the institutional structure banking systems and the grounds for classifying banks as regional. The results of the assessment of the state of the banking systems of these countries and their development trends are disclosed. Special attention is paid to the state policy of the countries under consideration aimed at the development of regional banks in order to ensure the economic growth of the regions, improve the quality of banking services (including in remote regions) and the level of welfare of citizens, as well as the implementation by national (central) banks of the mechanism of proportional regulation of the activities of regional banks.