利用松果淀粉制造牛奶豆腐[MANUFACTURING MILK TOFU USING COAGULANTS FROM PINEAPPLE HUMPS (Ananas comosus L.)] (《利用松果淀粉制造牛奶豆腐》)。

Ryan Pratama, Ratna Handayani
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引用次数: 0

摘要

菠萝蛋白酶是一种蛋白酶,可以凝固牛奶中的酪蛋白。利用菠萝废料(即菠萝驼峰)可作为凝固剂用于制作奶豆腐。这项研究旨在根据蛋白质含量和酶活性确定两种菠萝驼峰中的最佳菠萝蛋白酶,并分析不同加热温度下菠萝蛋白酶粗提取物浓度作为凝固剂对制作豆腐的影响。第一阶段的研究分离了菠萝蛋白酶的粗提取物,并根据产量、蛋白质含量和酶活性进行了分析。在第二阶段,使用浓度分别为 0.50%、1.00% 和 1.50%的粗酶提取物制作牛奶豆腐,凝固温度分别为 60 摄氏度和 80 摄氏度,然后对豆腐的产量、含水量、脂肪含量、灰分含量、蛋白质含量、颜色和质地进行分析。第一阶段的分析结果表明,最好的驼峰类型是皇后菠萝驼峰,蛋白质含量为 0.12 ± 0.007 µg/ml,活性为 76.27 ± 4.43 U/ml ,随后驼峰被用于第二阶段的分析。第二阶段研究的最佳处理方法是粗酶提取物浓度为 1.0%,凝结温度为 80oC,产量值为 24.27 ± 0.01%,水分含量为 68.89 ± 3.30%,蛋白质含量为 4.64 ± 0.008%。印尼语摘要:菠萝蛋白酶是一种蛋白酶,能凝固牛奶中的酪蛋白。菠萝废料(即菠萝渣)可用作制作豆腐乳的凝固剂。本研究旨在根据蛋白质含量和酶活性,确定从两种菠萝渣中提取的最佳菠萝蛋白酶粗提物,并分析不同加热温度下菠萝蛋白酶粗提物浓度对制作豆腐凝固剂的影响。在研究的第一阶段,分离了菠萝蛋白酶的粗提取物,并对其产量、蛋白质含量和酶活性进行了分析。在第二阶段,使用浓度分别为 0.50%、1.00% 和 1.50%的粗酶提取物制作奶豆腐,凝固温度分别为 60 摄氏度和 80 摄氏度,然后对产量、含水量、脂肪含量、灰分含量、蛋白质含量、颜色和质地进行分析。第一阶段的分析结果表明,最好的菠萝皇后菠萝酚蛋白质含量为 0.12 ± 0.007 µg/ml,活性为 76.27 ± 4.43 U/ml ,随后该菠萝酚被用于第二阶段的分析。第二阶段研究的最佳处理是酶浓度为 1.0%,凝结温度为 80 摄氏度,产率为 24.27 ± 0.01%,水分含量为 68.89 ± 3.30%,蛋白质含量为 4.65 ± 0.008%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PEMBUATAN TAHU SUSU MENGGUNAKAN KOAGULAN DARI BONGGOL NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) [MANUFACTURING MILK TOFU USING COAGULANTS FROM PINEAPPLE HUMPS (Ananas comosus L.)]
Bromelain enzyme is a protease enzyme that can coagulate casein in milk. The use of pineapple waste, namely pineapple humps, can be used as a coagulant in making milk tofu. This research aimed to determine the best bromelain enzymes from two types of pineapple humps based on protein content and enzyme activity, as well as to analyzed the effect of bromelain enzyme crude extract concentration as a coagulant in making tofu with different heating temperatures. In phase I of the research, crude extract of bromelain enzymes was isolated and analyzed by yield, protein content, and enzyme activity. In phase II, milk tofu was made using a crude enzyme extract concentration of 0.50%; 1,00%; and 1.50% with a clotting temperature of 60 oC and 80 oC which were then analyzed by yield, water content, fat content, ash content, protein content, color and texture. The results of phase I analysis showed that the best type of humps was Queen pineapple humps with protein content of 0.12 ± 0.007 µg/ml and activity of 76.27 ± 4.43 U/ml, subsequently the humps were used for phase II analysis. The best treatment from phase II research was a crude enzyme extract concentration of 1.0% and a clotting temperature of 80oC with a yield value of 24.27 ± 0.01%, a moisture content of 68.89 ± 3.30% and a protein content of 4.64 ± 0.008%. Bahasa Indonesia Abstract:Enzim bromelin merupakan enzim protease yang dapat menggumpalkan kasein pada susu. Penggunaan limbah nanas yaitu bonggol nanas dapat digunakan sebagai koagulan dalam pembuatan tahu susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin terbaik dari dua jenis bonggol nanas berdasarkan kadar protein dan aktivitas enzimnya, serta untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin sebagai koagulan dalam pembuatan tahu dengan suhu pemanasan yang berbeda. Pada penelitian tahap I dilakukan ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin diisolasi dan dianalisis secara rendemen, kadar protein, dan aktivitas enzim. Pada tahap II dilakukan pembuatan tahu susu menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar enzim 0,50%; 1,00%; dan 1,50% dengan suhu penggumpalan 60 oC dan 80 oC yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara rendemen, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar abu, kadar protein, warna dan tekstur. Hasil analisis tahap I menunjukkan bahwa jenis bonggol terbaik adalah bonggol nanas Queen dengan kadar protein 0,12 ± 0,007 µg/ml dan aktivitas 76,27 ± 4,43 U/ml, selanjutnya bonggol tersebut digunakan untuk analisis tahap II. Perlakuan terbaik dari penelitian tahap II adalah konsentrasi enzim 1,0% dengan suhu penggumpalan 80 oC dengan nilai rendemen 24,27 ± 0,01%, nilai kadar air 68,89 ± 3,30% dan nilai kadar protein 4,65 ± 0,008%.
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