Comparison between forward-fixed and reverse-fixed PZT fiber scanner for nonlinear endomicroscopy

As an optical biopsy method, PZT fiber-optic scanning two-photon endomicroscopy holds significant importance for the early detection of gastrointestinal tumors. The scanning attributes inherent to the PZT fiber scanner wield direct influence over the electro-mechanical features of the two-photon endomicroscopy, rendering it a pivotal component of distal-scanning endoscopes. This study delves into a comprehensive analysis, both in the modal and frequency domains, of a forward-fixed PZT scanner from a theoretical standpoint. Additionally, we fabricated a forward-fixed PZT fiber scanner and validated its first- and second-order frequency domain characteristics experimentally. Theoretical simulations and experimental findings demonstrate that the forward-fixed scanner exhibits superior driving capability compared to the reverse-fixed scanner.