俄罗斯东正教会在二十世纪初俄罗斯禁酒斗争中的领导作用(以奔萨教区为例)

Maria Sumenkova
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摘要

文章专门论述了俄罗斯东正教会在二十世纪初俄罗斯与国家和社会一起与过度饮酒作斗争中的作用和意义。时间段由国库酒垄断行动决定。其中特别关注了奔萨教区的禁酒活动;我们提请您注意,由于该教区所辖地区的农业性质,教会在抵制酒精消费方面面临着客观困难。分析了教会和国家的禁酒斗争的成效。作为其中的一部分,考虑了 "人民清醒民事监护 "的工作及其在禁酒斗争框架内的低效性,这表现为财政费用的增加,同时人均酒精消费量的增加。文章比较了教区协会的工作、成功和成就。文章还探讨了饮酒不仅在农民生活和传统中的意义,而且在神职人员日常生活中的作用。文章特别关注了教区协会在所谓的禁酒令时期的工作,当时民间的戒酒斗争被降到了最低程度。书中还对现阶段的禁酒斗争作了一些类比,以便将过去的错误和成功经验借鉴到现在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Leading Role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Anti-alcohol Struggle of the Early Twentieth Century in Russia (on the Example of the Penza Diocese)
The article is devoted to the role and significance of the Russian Orthodox Church in the struggle with the excessive consumption of alcohol in Russia together with the state and society at the beginning of the twentieth century. The time period is determined by the action of the treasury wine monopoly. Some special attention is paid to the anti-alcohol activities of the Penza Diocese; we draw your attention to the objective difficulties which were faced by the church in countering alcohol consumption because of the agrarian nature of the territory covered by the diocese’s jurisdiction. The effectiveness of the anti-alcohol struggle of the church and the state is analyzed. As part of it, the work of the Civil Guardianships on People's Sobriety is considered, their low effectiveness in the framework of the anti-alcohol struggle, which manifested itself in an increase of the treasury costs and at the same time an increase in per capita alcohol consumption. The work of parish societies, their successes and achievements are compared with them. The article also refects on the meaning of drinking alcohol spirits not only in peasant life and traditions, but also their role in the everyday life of clergymen. Particular attention is paid to the work of parish societies during the years of the so-called Alcohol Prohibition, when the civil struggle for sobriety was minimized. Some parallels are drawn with the current stage of the anti-alcohol struggle in order to take into account the mistakes and successes of the past in the present.
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