结构叙事分析的应用:意义阐释案例

Olena Verbivska
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摘要

本文仔细研究了阐释行为所揭示的意义表现和符号主题,阐释行为相当于找到文本的组织原则和组合规则。叙述性语言是一系列生成和转换的实例,它们掩盖了文本内容并引发了解释。本文讨论了描述的层次,这些层次有助于处理变化或程度差异的概念,变化或程度差异既是基于各种方法论理由改写文本的人为操作的结果,也是情节的明显层次所证明的真实动态。本文所涉及的意义表述的基本单位从罗兰-巴特的分布式和整合式叙事单位到阿尔吉达斯-朱利安-格雷马斯的深层和表层结构,特别强调叙事程序和叙事分析,这也是本文的主要兴趣所在。格雷马斯的叙事语法成功地描述了什么是存在的,以及如何捕捉符号化的过程。最后,格雷马斯所阐述的分析工具被有效地用于解读埃德加-爱伦-坡的故事《威廉-威尔逊》。故事本身是通过叙事形式化来重述和阐释的,叙事形式化包括从状态语词和行为语词的角度来谈论情节的转换。在《威廉-威尔逊》的形式化过程中出现的叙事结构框架内,叙事轨迹的微小变化似乎是不可见的,甚至是不可读的。与此相反,巴特对文本内涵的触及,使读者能够参与到更宽松的文本解读中,获得更多变、更细致的体验,注意到最细微的动作,品尝到整体环境中的每一个细微差别。本文首先采用了格雷马斯的叙事语法中的结构性叙事分析方法,这种分析方法导致了一种特殊的严厉的叙事绝对主义;此外,本文还提供了关于这一问题的几种替代观点的线索,这些观点以巴特为代表。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE STRUCTURAL NARRATIVE ANALYSIS IN APPLICATION: THE CASE OF MEANING EXPLICATION
This paper scrutinizes the topic of meaning manifestation and signification made known by the act of interpretation, which amounts to finding the organising principles of a text and rules of combination. The language of narrativity is a set of generational and transformational instances disguising textual content and initiating interpretation as such. The paper discusses the levels of description which assist in tackling the concept of change, or difference in degrees, as the result of both the artificial operation of rewriting the text on various methodological grounds and real dynamics justified by the obvious layers of the plot. The elementary units of meaning articulation covered by this article run the gamut from Roland Barthes’ distributional and integrational narrative units to Algirdas Julien Greimas’ deep and surface structures with special stress on the narrative programs and narrative analysis, which is of primary interest here. The Greimassian narrative grammar successfully describes what exists and how to capture the process of signification. In the end, analytical instruments elaborated by Greimas are effectively adapted to interpret the case of Edgar Allan Poe’s story William Wilson. The story itself is retold and interpreted through narrative formalisation, which consists in speaking of the plot transformations in terms of utterances of states and utterances of doing. Within the framework of narrative structures that emerge on the way to the formalisation of William Wilson, small changes in narrative trajectories seem to be out of sight, not even readable. Contrariwise, Barthes’ touch on what the text is all about enables the reader to be engaged in looser textual interpretations, to gain more variable, highly detailed experience in noticing the slightest movement and tasting each nuance of the overall setting. This paper first and foremost takes on board the structural narrative analysis as it is set out in Greimas’ narrative grammar leading to a special kind of severe narrative absolutism; on top of that, the paper gives a clue of a couple of alternative views on the problem, views represented by Barthes.
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