使用过削法进行外齿轮多道切削的特点

Ihor Hrytsai, A. Slipchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

问题在动力切削技术中,存在确定工作参数的问题,包括轴向进给和切削速度,以及圆盘刀齿和刀具主轴的螺旋角、切削部分的几何形状和每道切削深度。有必要研究使用动力切削法生成多道外齿轮的切削过程,并提出选择最佳参数的建议。根据切削理论的基本原理,利用切口横截面积、工件剪切材料强度极限和切屑塑性变形强度的函数,提出作用在刀具上的切削力及其切向分量。切削面积的计算基于未变形切屑的三维图形分析模型。剪切强度系数取决于使用 Deform 2D 系统的切削层厚度。在初始阶段对单齿切削和多齿切削条件下的受力系数进行了研究,前者考虑了刀具单齿的操作,后者则与本方法中的实际切削和成形条件相对应。对所研究力的不同频率的谐振分析表明,在平均加载情况下,切削力的最大主分量出现在第三道工序,而刀具轴上的切向力出现在第一道工序。这些信号频率的变化可以用机床啮合过程中刀具与齿轮之间接触角的变化以及切削中涉及的不同齿数来解释。根据所获得的数据,可以制定合理的参数选择方法--轴向进给值、不同切削深度的切削遍数,以最大限度地减少时间消耗,并达到所需的齿轮精度。结果表明,为了减少加工误差,最合理的方法是通过增加切削遍数来减少切削力,而不是减少轴向进给量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Features of using the over-skiving method for multi-pass cutting of external gears
Problem. There is a problem of determining the working parameters, including axial feed and cutting speed, as well as the helix angle of the teeth of the disc cutter and the tool spindle, the geometry of the cutting part, and the cutting depth per pass in Power skiving technology.Objective. It is necessary to investigate the cutting process using the Power Skiving method for generating external gears over multiple passes and develop recommendations for selecting its optimal parameters.Implementation methodology. The cutting force and its tangential component acting on the cutter are presented based on the fundamental principles of cutting theory, using the function of the cross-sectional area of the cut, the material strength limits of the workpiece for shear, and the intensity of plastic deformation of the chip. Calculations of the cut area are based on a graphoanalytical 3D model of the undeformed chip. The coefficient of shear intensity is determined depending on the thickness of the cut layers using the Deform 2D system. The study of the force factors is conducted in the initial stage for single-tooth cutting, considering the operation of a single tooth of the tool, and for multi-tooth cutting conditions, corresponding to real cutting and forming conditions in this method.Results. Analysis of harmonic vibrations with different frequencies of the investigated forces indicates that, under average loading, the maximum principal component of the cutting force occurs on the third pass, and the tangential force on the tool axis occurs on the first pass. The variation in the frequency of these signals is explained by changes in the contact angle between the tool and the gear wheel in the machine engagement and the different number of teeth involved in cutting.Conclusions. The obtained data allowed the development of a methodology for selecting rational parameters - axial feed values, the number of passes with different cutting depths to minimize time consumption, and achieve the desired accuracy of gears. It has been demonstrated that to reduce processing errors, it is most rational to decrease cutting force by increasing the number of passes, rather than reducing the axial feed.
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