UNDERGROUND HOUSES - AN INNOVATIVE CONCEPT IN THE MODERN WORLD

This article explores the construction of houses underground and examines their applications in various historical and contemporary contexts. The impact of natural conditions on the choice of underground buildings, their energy efficiency and ability to provide comfortable living conditions was analyzed. With the development of technology and the rise of environmental problems, innovative approaches to construction, including underground cities and buildings that can solve the problems of overcrowding and pollution in large cities, have been considered. Examples of successful underground buildings around the world are given, including historic cities and modern underground house projects. Both positive and negative sides of underground houses are considered. Cost reduction, service life, optimization of spatial use and resistance to natural phenomena are identified as advantages. Disadvantages include psychological barriers, lack of daylight, and the possibility of problems with ventilation and thermal insulation. However, such houses can not only provide new living spaces, but also have a positive effect on the ecosystem and solve the current problems of modern cities.